Every profession has its jargon that enables its practitioners to communicate relatively easily but is incomprehensible to those outside the indicated profession. This is most true in the medical profession, so I am about to explain a disease condition that has become extraordinarily common. I will begin by defining the word dysautonomia. “Dys” is a prefix meaning abnormal and “autonomia” refers to the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic system is the part of the nervous system that controls autonomic functions and behaviors that ensure survival. This includes, heart rate, respiration, digestion, temperature, even libido.
The autonomic system operates largely involuntarily and without conscious consideration. Many people are not aware that we have two types of nervous system. The one that we all understand is called “voluntary”, enabling us to carry out willed actions. This nervous system is controlled by the upper part of the brain known as the cortex, the latest part to be evolved, capable of thought and giving us those human abilities that are unique within the animal kingdom. In contrast, the lower part of the brain controls an involuntary “messenger system” that enables us automatically to adapt to the conditions of environment that we meet on a daily basis throughout life. The messenger system does not think. It acts automatically. The autonomic system is a “three channel system” that sends and receives signals to and from all parts of the body.
The Three Channels of the Autonomic System
The first channel connects with a bunch of glands known as the endocrine system. These are the glands that produce hormones, messengers borne by the blood to the body organs. This is a complex messenger system that adjusts, influences and modifies behavior. The other two channels are known as the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Between them, they provide direct communication that enables a given organ to react and participate in the symphony of adaptation. All work in a coordinated manner. Thus, the action of the autonomic nervous system, either by direct communication with an organ or by means of releasing a hormone, activate or deactivate all the organs in the body selectively.
Sympathetic System. This is best thought of as the action stimulating mechanism. Its best known reflex is known as “fight-or-flight”, activated by any form of mental or physical stress or threatened danger. It will accelerate the heart, deactivate the intestine, produce a sense of anxiety or panic, dilate the pupils in the eyes and raise the blood pressure, all things that you desire to happen if you are either fighting or fleeing from an enemy. It is designed for short-term action and consumes energy at an accelerated rate, particularly in the brain. It is important to note that this is a reflex, not a thought process. It is activated by a visual, auditory or tactile stimulus that is interpreted as danger. I think of this as a “stress input” that is answered by either physical or mental action in some form of self-preservation.
Reading a telegram that provides bad news triggers an emotional reflex that does not necessarily require physical action but is an obvious source of stress and the mental response is sympathetic and energy consuming. It may well induce accelerated heart rate, pallor and pupillary dilatation as a modification of a fight-or-flight reflex. Emotions are reflex, engineered by the lower brain and programmed according to the nature of the incoming stimulus perception. This in turn stimulates the thought processes of the higher brain that is capable of modifying the reaction. Sympathetic action of this nature is also activated by the release of adrenaline from its appropriate gland “and gives rise to what is sometimes called the ”adrenaline rush”.
Parasympathetic System. This is best thought of as “the rest-and-be-thankful” mechanism. It will decelerate the heart, activate the intestine, produce a sense of peace, constrict pupils of the eye and lower blood pressure, the very opposite of that produced by the other system. Our primitive ancestor could now roll a stone over the mouth of his cave and carry out the functions of the body after he has escaped from danger. He can now sleep, eat, indulge in bowel activity and experience a sense of peace. This also is not a thought process.
Dysautonomia: Autonomic Chaos
It is obvious that if the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems were activated together there would be chaos. Reflex sympathetic action under normal circumstances is balanced by a withdrawal of the parasympathetic action and vice versa. Thus, for example, accelerated heart rate is partly produced by withdrawal of the parasympathetic at the same time as it is accelerated by the sympathetic. This coordination is computed by the lower part of the brain. Under normal circumstances its action is modified by the upper brain that provides willpower under what might be called “advice and consent”. On the other hand, under urgent necessity, when danger is life threatening, the sympathetic system takes over the action completely, explaining why a soldier in battle may not be consciously aware that he has lost a finger until the action is completed.
If the reflex coordinated mechanism of the autonomic system is lost for any reason, it is referred to as dysautonomia. A medical textbook entitled “Dysautonomia” was edited by Sir Roger Bannister, then a London physician who was the first athlete to run the four-minute mile. The book describes many examples of this condition and deals with the genetic aspect. It never addresses the subject of nutrition, an oversight that introduces the clinical blindness of the modern physician to nutritional deficiency disease. This is in spite of the fact that the best example of dysautonomia is beriberi, long known to be caused by deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) by the ingestion of empty carbohydrate calories.
Hypoxia and Pseudo-hypoxia in Dysautonomia
The word hypoxia refers to lack of oxygen. Its most devastating effect is in the brain and particularly the lower brain that never sleeps. This is because the cells in that part of the brain have a heavy requirement for oxygen. As we all know, oxygen is delivered to all the 70 to 100 trillion body cells by the bloodstream and they consume it in the synthesis of energy. This consumption of oxygen is in turn dependent on the presence of thiamine and other vitamins. A deficiency of thiamine therefore produces the same clinical effect as hypoxia. For this reason, its deficiency causes what is sometimes known as pseudo-hypoxia (pseudo meaning false).
Since the lower brain controls the autonomic nervous system, we can now see how thiamine deficiency results in dysautonomia. Of course, as we all know, a complete lack of oxygen means death. We are here discussing the effects of a mild to moderate hypoxia or pseudo-hypoxia. The so-called TIA (transient ischemic attack) is an example of hypoxia because of a temporary failure of blood delivery to the brain. In most cases it is probably a brief contraction in the muscular wall of a major artery resulting in constriction of the artery. The irony is that I believe a common mechanism for TIA may involve arterial artery spasm from magnesium deficiency. It might well be obviated by taking a supplement of magnesium as a preventive. Thiamine and magnesium deficiency both produce the same effect by preventing the consumption of oxygen, thus stopping energy synthesis: hence the term pseudo.
Clinical Effects of Pseudo-hypoxia
There are many papers published in the medical literature in which a particular disease (for example lung cancer) is associated with dysautonomia. Each one of these manuscripts offers a case report in which the cause of this interesting but baffling association is unknown. My hypothesis is that pseudo-hypoxia gives rise to the dysautonomia whose symptoms are not recognized for what they represent, are ignored, or treated symptomatically and lead eventually to more cellular damage within a body organ that becomes an organic disease. If recognized in the early stages, diet correction and a few supplementary vitamins are all that is needed. If not, it is hypothesized that symptoms increase and reflect irreparable cellular damage. The constellation of symptoms is then referred to as disease A or B, e.g. Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s.
It has now been shown that a common condition called “panic attacks” can be induced in a patient by the inhalation of air enriched with about 30% carbon dioxide, producing hypoxia. Therefore, this condition has nothing to do with Freudian psychology. It is a purely biochemical phenomenon, induced by hypoxia or pseudo-hypoxia. I recently met a friend with a story that I hear repeatedly. He was suddenly overcome by faintness while at work. It was associated with dizziness, lack of control and unconsciousness. He was conveyed by ambulance to the nearest emergency room where all the tests were negative and he was allowed to go home. Almost automatically this is referred to as psychosomatic disease as though the unfortunate patient is imagining or even inventing the obvious brain caused symptoms. There is little doubt that this represents a temporary period of hypoxia or pseudo-hypoxia that is extremely threatening to the individual for his or her future, since it indicates a state in the brain that can result in a recurrence, perhaps of greater severity.
I learned later that this friend had received heart surgery many years before this incident. Since the primary organs affected by the pseudo-hypoxia of beriberi are the brain, the nervous system and the heart, perhaps pseudo-hypoxia was the underlying cause of the heart problem that led to surgery. I doubt that it was ever considered. The trouble is that I cannot tell a friend that perhaps all he has to do is to take a few vitamin supplements. He simply would not believe me. My credibility would be lost, possibly with the loss of friendship and my proffered advice, like the proverbial seed falling on stony ground. The concept is “outside the box” and does not conform to the medical model that exists in the minds of all of us.
What is particularly important to understand is that mild to moderate hypoxia or pseudo-hypoxia is itself a form of stress and triggers the fight-or-flight reflex. This is quite logical since a decreased oxygen concentration is dangerous and even life-threatening. Under these conditions the lower brain is more easily activated and the resulting action fails to heed the advice and consent provided by the upper brain. Thus, a child or adolescent consuming empty calories, will be thiamine deficient and his brain susceptible to periods of pseudo-hypoxia, particularly when experiencing other energy demanding stressors. The hypoxia will affect autonomic regulation, which will manifest in a number of seemingly unrelated symptoms, that include digestive issues, attentional deficits, unexplained aches and pains and perhaps most notably in children, behavioral difficulties represented by extreme emotional lability. The easiest way to produce pseudo-hypoxia is by the widespread consumption of carbohydrate and fatty foods (e.g. doughnuts) representing empty calories, so commonly associated with the consumption of high sugar content beverages. Sugary foods are not only devoid necessary nutrients, but the sugar itself forces what thiamine stores that exist out of the cells. Could high calorie malnutrition be responsible for some of the otherwise inexplicable violence reported almost daily in the news media? It is biochemically possible. Perhaps an easier question to answer, could thiamine deficiency and the resultant hypoxia be responsible for the myriad of autonomically controlled systems currently labeled dysautonomia? Possibly.
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This article was published originally on February 13, 2017.
A simple search for “dysautonomia sleep apnoea” brings up many results.
One result is this Nov 2019 ScienceDirect article: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1566070219300487#:~:text=Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation,consequences of sleep disordered breathing.
The first line in the Introduction is:
” Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation has been extensively explored in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and has been recognized as one of the most important pathogenetic mechanisms for cardiovascular consequences of sleep disordered breathing. ” . . . . And, of course ANS dysregulation ‘must’ be dysautonomia. 🤔❗
Better health wishes to all readers ! 🙂
Sun 12 May 2024
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To the Editor ( – Chandler M, … or other): I believe it’s a GREAT idea to periodically REISSUE older posts such as this one, with their significant info. – so, THANK YOU for that helpful decision!
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With much respect, admiration, gratitude & good wishes to ALL at Hormones Matter !
“Uhura”
Birmingham, W Mids, UK.
On this Sunday 21 April 2024 – a gloriously sunny day here ! 🌤️ ☀️ 😎 🌤️
( – a cordial BIRTHDAY message for Dr D Lonsdale – was added as a post/reply on the recently re-published EoE item & sent as a ‘write of us’ page ! Hope that’s OK ! ).
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To the Editor ( – Chandler M, … or other): I believe it’s a GREAT idea to periodically REISSUE older posts such as this one, with their significant info. – so, THANK YOU for that helpful decision! The message below is ESPECIALLY for Dr D Lonsdale – hope that’s OK !
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FAO: Dr Derrick Lonsdale, MD, FACN, FACAM – a SPECIAL message for Y🥳U today !
As Sunday 21 April 2024 draws to an end, those born on 22 April will have completed a further full orbit of the earth, over 366 days ( – 2024 being a LEAP year! 🙂). Tomorrow marks the beginning of a whole ‘new year’ for them, with their birthday! 🥳 🤩 🥳
In the case of our Dr DL, the occasion will be that much more ‘SPECIAL’ ( – at least sociologically ?!), … as it will be his 100th birthday, according to public record. 🥳🤩🥳
Well, . . . I for one certainly hope King Charles will have not been TOO busy to have sent you his centenary greetings ( – although we do know he has serious enough health & other concerns of his own at present !).
On the eve of your centenary, . . . may I wish you a very HAPPY BIRTHDAY. . . & many HAPPY returns too. 🎇 🤩 🎆 🥳 🎇 🤩 🎆 🥳 🎇
[This is my FIRST ever message to you – or on the valuable Hormones Matter site) following the discovery of the thiamine deficiency issues, which you have spent many decades investigating, considering & sharing your accrued understanding with the world: I’m delighted & relieved to have found this knowledge – and have recently started to put it to the test, in my (N=1) case ! ]
I have little doubt that all your contributions re. the functional physiological deficiency of thiamine ( – say ‘f.p. B1d’ ?) will continue to help countless MILLIONS in decades to come, & be a major influence in shaping future clinical medicine: a legacy I see as ASSURED, following your decades of DEDICATION !
I CONGRATULATE & THANK YOU for ALL you have done, . . . & will continue to do in your no doubt well deserved – & hopefully very restful – ‘retirement years’ !
With much respect, admiration, gratitude & good wishes to Y🥳U,
“Uhura”
Birmingham, W Mids, UK.
On this Sunday 21 April 2024 – a gloriously sunny day here ! 🌤️ ☀️ 😎 🌤️
( – a cordial BIRTHDAY message for Dr D Lonsdale – having added it as a post/reply on the recently re-published EoE item too ! Hope that’s OK ! ).
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I’ve only recently come to consider thiamine for my issues. I went downhill in health after a head injury nearly a decade ago. Although I’m not very familiar with hypoxia, I have considered something happening with my body where I am oxygen starved somehow based on symptoms. Some years ago I developed gasping sleep starts. I would wake up in a terror like state gasping for air. I never believed it was related to my breathing. I would gasp and contort my body as though I just dipped my body into an ice bath.
After some time this became a normal occurrence in my waking life. If someone did something to trigger the slightest fight or flight reaction within me (which didn’t take much) I would become stuck in it, cycling in fear and over-reactivity to my environment. I’d also quickly develop a migraine and visual disturbances. I would gasp and gulp for air involuntarily.
I’m currently up to 1200mg thiamine hcl. I have had digestive issues, slow motility, undigested food, recurrent SIBO episodes, and the hcl really started to noticeably shift my gut health for the better. I also tried thiamine ttfd. I did not tolerate that well, so I had to start very low. I’m up to 20mgs. I get depression about 2 hours on the dot after taking it, along with some minor dizziness and pressure changes in my head. I notice increasing ttfd dosage works against some of the benefits of the hcl for my gut. I assume this is because of the brain’s connection to the gut. I’ve been slowly increasing my doses uniformly with both forms thinking I’ll reach a tipping point.
I was recently diagnosed with this and I also have actual low oxygen sometimes. Is it possible to have this and not just have pseudo? I have horrible digestive issues also. They started about 3 months ago.
This is exactly what happened to me! No doctor has been able to explain it. I swore I was dying. After a very difficult home birth, right after having covid, and hemorrhaging, I began breastfeeding and started feeling better at 3 months PP. Four months PP, I started having dizziness and presycope and unable to walk if I took a warm shower. 5 months PP our well broke and I was dehydrated. I ate a lot of cake that night and the next morning I was so dizzy I almost fell out of bed. My husband tried to hand me coconut water and I was so confused I didn’t know how to bring it to my lips. He rushed me to the nearest hospital and they said my O2 was 75 and tachycardic. After administering oxygen and a breathing treatment, 15 minutes later I was able to breathe on my own and talk again. They ran a battery of tests and they all came back unremarkable and I was discharged. This is the only thing that could explain it. I’ve taken Mg for a few years now but after seeing Dr Bergs YouTube, I just started on Benfotamine 300mg x 2 daily and I’m already noticing a difference two weeks in.
Hi. Can the Pseudo-hypoxia determine the death of retina cells? Especially of the cells of the optic nerve? I noticed that I have always low blood pressure expect when I take liposomal complex B, can it be this the cause of my loss of vision?
Hello Dr. lonsdale, I was wondering if you have ever seen thiamine hcl, causing sever dry eyes? Possibly in higher doses such as 300-400mg per day. I have anxiety, anorexia, gastroparesis, gastritis, along with a list of other symptoms. Immediately 50mg if thiamine hcl my stomach turned on and symptoms of gastroparesis disappeared. I still have the other ailments so I wanted to raise the dose but it seems as through my eyes are now so severely dry (especially at night) that I cannot open them without eye drops. If I force it open they scratch and tear. Was hoping you had some insights to this. Or maybe could recommend another form of thiamine. Thank you!
O dear!! Thiamine has the sole duty of stimulating energy metabolism but I have always emphasized that it does not work on its own. You need B complex and all the other vitamins and magnesium to back it up. You have to be able to produce the energy and that has to be consumed in function which is the duty of the other vitamins. O my goodness! If only docs would wake up and go to the right part of the library. It is so hard for people to be on their own without the necessary knowledge but that is the state of modern medicine.
Thank you Doctor. I just now have seen your reply, but still appreciate your time and knowledge. Yes unfortunately I felt like a mouse in a maze with modern medicine. I am doing much better. And yes, Minerals Such as potassium and sodium seem to really help me as well as the thiamine! Warm regards, Darleen
Darleen,
Have you tried Norwegian Cod Liver Oil for your dry eyes? I had extremely dry eyes for many years and was seeing a Harvard-trained ophthalmologist who really did nothing for me. Eye drops did nothing and the more exotic the formulation the worse my eyes got. I started taking one tablespoon per day of cod liver oil and within 3 weeks my dry eyes dramatically improved. I now take two teaspoons per day. It also relieved the stiffness and soreness in my fingers. It really worked.
After adopting a sugar-free diet and supplementing with thiamine, magnesium, and a good multivitamin for dysautonomia, what might be the pros and cons of additionally taking Mestinon/Pyridostigmine Bromide? Has anyone here regretted taking it?
Hi again Dr. Lonsdale!
I am sorry for bugging you once more (see post below), but I really need help. I have been feeling awful, especially at the end of the day where I feel like my “batteries run out”. Can a person have appointments with you? Or can you suggest someone?
I have found out that there is a laboratory in Spain that does the transketolase test, I live in Portugal, so I would happily go there to test.
Thank you.
This is a fascinating perspective. My autonomic symptoms presented initially with exercise intolerance, then basically all the time. I have had a Sjogren’s (and related atypical facial pain/ganglionopathy) diagnosis for years, but my Graves went undiagnosed for 8 months. At this time, my nutrients levels were so out of whack as I had been on metabolic overdrive for months. While my thyroid normalized, my autonomic symptoms did not. Six years later and I still deal with them… we did do a lot of supplementation, but perhaps not with enough or with the right nutrients. After all, it took me 2 years to convince them it wasn’t anxiety.
So from this perspective, is the progression of autonomic symptoms not reversible beyond a certain point if not caught or intervention doesn’t occur early enough? And what type of doctor would one see for this? I saw rheumatologist, neurology, functional neurology, endocrinology, chiropractors, nutritionists…
Great article… thanks!
Hello Dr. Lonsdale,
My name is Ana Sofia, I am 32 years old and I have been suffering from health issues for the past 15 years that made me unable to work and sometimes, even take care of myself. In 2014 I took cipro and my life just became worse. I lost 36 pounds, had heart issues (accelerated heart rate, POTS, very low blood pressure like 45/75, …), air hunger, fatigue, muscle weakness, muscle wasting, pain in the muscle like I have been exercising, horrible IBS symptoms, brain fog, horrible vivid nightmares (and multiple nightmares, it’s like falling asleep into three nightmares at the same time feeling music and noises, smells and taste), ADHD like symptoms, possibly insulin resistance and inability to process cabs as shown in my Organic Acids Test. I suspect I have beriberi and many vitamin deficiencies. I also have hormonal imbalance, excess estrogen which is mimicking precocious menopause in some of the phases of my cycle.
I have tried supplements but it doesn’t seem to help very much or it causes me scary side effects. My source of B1 has been pork, a meat that I have to eat almost every day not to get palpitations and chest pain.
Some months ago I tried allithiamine because regular Thiamine doesn’t seem to do anything for me. I had pain in my stomach, bloating, pain in my gut, and it seems like my heart started beating more strongly and gets in a way stiff or in shock.
I then took TPP, a quarter of a lozenge from Seeking Health for 5 days, and it was even worse. I tried to endure it but in the last time I feared for my life and I had to stop. Even though I didn’t get bloating this time, I had chest pain, palpitations/racing heart, and that heart shock feeling I mentioned before but worse. I thought I was going to have a heart attack. I also had painful diarrhea — could be oxalates dumping or B1 helping to clean my digestive system as so many enzymes are dependent on B1? I believe it might have something with electrolytes, especially potassium (that I believe I am very deficient) and magnesium. So I took a modified version of the adrenal cocktail (due to oxalates issues I can’t have orange) and I put a bit of magnesium oil. I fell asleep instantly — which scares me a bit because it might mean that I have potassium deficiency?
One or two weeks have passed and I still have diarrhea/loose stools intermittently with constipation, muscle weakness, fatigue, heart issues, brain fog, … I feel like I am at the end of the rope, my body doesn’t seem to produce energy, nor rests properly, I am constantly scared of doing anything that might push my body a bit like going upstairs that just make my heart rate go up and takes a lot to go down.
Can you help me? I really don’t know what to do. I live in Portugal and even though I have made many blood tests, I know I can’t test properly for B1 and other important nutrients, which makes supplementation even more complicated. I don’t have any support here.
Thank you so much!
I would push the lipothiamin. It is non toxic
Dr Lonsdale, I have suffered with POTs, me /cfs for 4 years. Do u do phone consults? I’m blown away by your knowledge. I’ve been trying to balance my minerals via the Magnesium advocacy group on Facebook but wondered if TTFD is a missing piece for me. I’m completely disabled.
It might be! Please post your details.
I’ve always been very healthy, Incredibly energetic (my mind rarely shuts off) and your typical overachiever. At 39, Four years ago I delivered my third baby and the doctor left placenta in. I was bleeding a lot and two months after the delivery I had to have surgery to remove the extra placenta. Two days after the surgery I got sick with the Coxsackie A6 virus also known as hand foot mouth. It was a new strain that had killed over 70 people that year overseas. Two days into the virus I couldn’t stand up my legs wouldn’t support me and I was so dizzy. it felt like it had reached my nervous system. my vision was blurry, I was walking into walls, it felt like every nerve in my skin had been attacked, extreme dizziness, muscles were so tight and weak I couldn’t stand in one place at all, immense fatigue I wanted to sleep all day. My head felt too heavy for my neck. My eyes were so dry I had to pry them open in the morning. My husband also got the virus and was incredibly ill mostly with muscle pain. to this day he’s probably 90% of himself. His legs will hurt when he stressed or getting sick. After A month I wasn’t too awful I’d say 40% of my normal self.
One month after I got sick I got bit by a tick in which I got cellulitis from. They put me on keflex. After the antibiotic my body crashed again. However this time I had terrible insomnia increased anxiety heat intolerance.
I went to the mayo clinic they said I had post viral syndrome, orthostatic intolerance and pots. Sent me home saying to increase my and sodium and try to exercise. At that time I could barely make it to the bathroom so exercise was not possible. A year later I went to a Lyme doctor as I have been bitten many times. My western blot came back CDC positive. They put me on antibiotics first was Doxy, next was Ceftin, I made it back up to about 50% of myself and then I crashed again. I’m assuming the antibiotics decreased inflammation but whatever metabolic or viral thing I had was still going wrong. They then put me On minocycline iwhich after two days on it I could not stand up at all, I had incredible pressure in the back of my head. It felt like my head was going to explode. I couldn’t walk barely across the room. I decided to stop lyme treatment as it was killing me. I’ve then kept getting worse. I developed mass cell activation syndrome (I didn’t know I had that at the time). I lost a lot of weight and wasn’t absorbing anything I was eating. Pressure in my head was so bad I couldn’t talk, Read or watch TV. My pot symptoms got way worse.I felt like I was dying until I saw Dr. Driscoll a pots specialist year later. She put me on Diamox for high intracranial pressure, ketotofen and Zyrtec for mast cell activation syndrome, Pentoxyfylene for inflamed blood vessels and losartan for high TGF-beta along with targeted supplements. One of which has about 120 mg of b1 in it . When you’re later I no longer feel like I’m dying however I’m still homebound probably at 15% of my normal self. Lots of muscle weakness in my legs, I still have some pressure in my head especially after I eat. My heart still races when I walk and I can’t stand it for longer than a minute. My anxiety is better but still there.
So I tried one third of a capsule of the alltithiamine and I had a Mast cell reaction after 20 minutes of taking it. My heart probably went to over 180 for a few minutes. However, later that night my head felt lighter with less pressure and I could think clearer. I know you talk about paradoxical reaction’s from it however I feel it was probably a food-based histamine reaction maybe from the garlic in it? Is there a way I can take it transdermally? Maybe empty capsule and some coconut oil and put it on my skin or empty a capsule in my magnesium chloride foot bath? Or try even a smaller dose? any ideas and thoughts are greatly appreciated. I do believe magnesium and b1 are the key.
Leslie, what has happened to you since 2017. Did you find a way to feel better?
Really appreciate your experience of your friend and your point about “outside the box” concepts not welcomed by many, and the on flow effect of damaging that friendship, out of all people I find it amazing that you have to censor yourself in this regard.
Question on that 1953 study and i quote:
“An important extension of the facts was made when Buffa & Peters (1949) found that animals poisoned with fluoroacetate within one hour or less accumulated large amounts of citrate in most tissues (except liver), there being no simultaneous increase of a-ketoglutarate; so it became possible to formulate the ” jamming ” hypothesis as in the diagram (see fig. 5). ”
Question since fluoroacetate feeds to the next step like carbohydrates do through Pryuvate, does it stand to reason that excessive sugar intake will inhibit thiamine absorption into the cell, and see that Jamming effect?
Fluoroacetate blocks action in the citric acid cycle, so its effect would be like thiamin deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction——–an energy crisis.