thiamine deficiency - Page 7

Diet Induced Pseudo-Hypoxia and Hypertension

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Although hypertension has become almost exclusively used to indicate high blood pressure, it is worth examining the true underlying meaning. The prefix “hyper” is from the Greek, meaning over or above. Tension is defined as “the state of being stretched tight”. Perhaps then it is worth looking at how this applies to blood pressure.

When a blood pressure is measured, there are always two figures represented. The higher number is known as “systolic” and the lower one as “diastolic”. The systolic is when the heart is contracting and indicates the ability of the arterial system to expand enough to accommodate the pressure from an increased volume of blood. The diastolic indicates the pressure in the arterial system when the heart is resting between beats. We are therefore looking at the highest and lowest pressures in a closed tube system that must be capable of expanding and contracting.

Since the system is made from live cells, it does not behave like a rubber tube with elastic recoil. The arteries where blood pressure is measured are lined with muscles. It is the contraction and relaxation of these muscles that control the capacity of the artery to accommodate the amount of blood arriving from the heart. The muscles are controlled by nerves carrying messages from the brain. These muscles are completely different from those that are activated willingly, such as those in the limbs. They are contracted and relaxed automatically by a part of the brain that acts more like a computer. The body muscles are activated by a nervous system known as “voluntary”. The arterial muscles are activated by a completely separate an involuntary nervous system known as autonomic (ANS). We therefore have to examine the control mechanisms.

Understanding the Autonomic Nervous System

I have discussed this nervous system many times in Hormones Matter because, when it goes wrong, it is a potent source of disease. The nerves of this system go to every organ within the body. The control system is in the lower part of the brain. It consists of two channels. One is known as sympathetic: the other is known as parasympathetic. Although they work together, their actions oppose each other and I will try briefly to outline this dichotomy.

Sympathetic. The sympathetic nervous system is designed for both physical and mental action through a reflex mechanism known as the fight-or-flight. It prepares us to meet an enemy or escape from danger. One of its actions is to raise the blood pressure. It does this by contracting the arterial muscles already described.

Parasympathetic. When the action is completed, the brain controls automatically withdraw the activity of the sympathetic and initiate those of the parasympathetic nervous system. When this happens, the body is prepared for resting.

Chronic Activation of the Sympathetic Nervous System

There is a large amount of evidence in the medical literature that this is the primary cause of chronically high blood pressure. If the system is healthy, the blood pressure will go down on completion of the action. If not, the blood pressure remains elevated. From here, I am going to hypothesize why this happens. Please remember as you read it that it is a hypothesis, not a proven fact.

Hypoxia. This word simply means lack of oxygen. Obviously, this is a dangerous state for the brain and it is not surprising that it will activate the sympathetic component described above, including raising the blood pressure.

Pseudo-hypoxia. The prefix “pseudo”, meaning false, or sham (from the Greek, lying, false) has been used in the medical literature to describe a state that is exactly like that of hypoxia when the presence of oxygen is normal. In order to understand this, focus on the fact that oxygen must be introduced to the body but is completely useless unless it is consumed. Therefore we must try to indicate how oxygen consumption occurs.

Oxidation and burning. All forms of burning are derived from oxygen combining with a fuel, liberating heat energy. That is why we are warm blooded, but other forms of energy are produced to drive physical and mental function. Because the burning is incomplete, ash is formed. Our cells derive their energy by the oxygen, delivered in the blood from the lung, combining with glucose. The “ash” is carbon dioxide and water, discarded in the breath. The oxidation of glucose is governed by a set of enzymes that require the vitamin B complex for their action. The leader of this orchestration appears to be vitamin B1 (thiamine). That is why many papers have appeared in the medical literature that describes thiamine deficiency as a cause of pseudo-hypoxia. Its function is to catalyze the enzymes essential for oxidation. Its deficiency results in lack of sufficient energy. It is therefore not surprising that one of the symptoms of thiamine deficiency is fatigue.

Calorie/thiamine ratio. A healthy diet provides us with calorie producing elements that are broken down to glucose and used as fuel. The amount of thiamine provides a normal calorie/thiamine ratio that enables efficient oxidation. If we load the diet with empty calories (calories without essential non-calorie nutrients that include thiamine) the calorie/thiamine ratio becomes abnormal. Measuring the concentration of thiamine in the blood would be normal for a healthy diet but inadequate to meet the demand of the empty calorie load. The laboratory method for identifying thiamine deficiency is by measuring it in the blood. If the result is reported by the laboratory as normal, the relevant symptoms produced by inadequate oxidation may well be ascribed to causes other than thiamine deficiency.

Hypothesis: High Calorie Malnutrition Induces Chronic Sympathetic Overdrive

I suspect that a common cause of hypertension is high calorie malnutrition, inducing a state of chronic sympathetic overdrive. It may be why obesity in children often foretells their rise in blood pressure. Perhaps another cause is the gradual diminution of oxidation associated with aging. There are genetic mechanisms that are turned on by hypoxia and these also may be activated by pseudo-hypoxia, e.g. thiamine deficiency.

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Lipothiamin is a synthetic derivative of thiamine. Its biologic properties enable it to be used as a drug. A rat known as SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) is used as the animal model for studying the effect of antihypertensive drugs. Many years ago I took a group of these rats and treated them with Lipothiamin to see if it would prevent the rise in blood pressure that always occurs in these animals. There was a statistically significant difference between the experimental rats and the controls, indicating that this thiamine derivative did indeed prevent the spontaneous rise in blood pressure. This experiment is published in our book (Lonsdale D, Marrs C. Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia and High Calorie Malnutrition). It obviously requires human subjects to research the use of this completely non-toxic, nutrient/drug derivative but nevertheless provides us with solid clues about hypertension.

Conclusion: Diet Matters

It has been said that simplicity must be distilled out of complexity in order to make complex issues usable. The brain/body, whether we like to recognize it or not, is an “electrochemical machine” that must obey all the physical laws designed by Mother Nature. Health is governed by only three factors:

  1. Genetics: the enormous complexity is dictated by a code written in DNA. Passage from generation to generation makes mistakes and represents our inheritance.
  2. Stress: defined as anything that requires physical/mental defensive response. The response, designed for relatively short term action, demands a huge consumption of energy.
  3. Nutrition: this is the only one of the three issues that we can control. It must supply both fuel and the multiple factors that enable the fuel to be turned into energy.

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Familial Beriberi: Discovering Lifelong, Genetic, Thiamine Deficiency

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In 2017, at the age of 52, I had an unexpected call from my new doctor informing me “I know what’s wrong with you! Come to my office now!” Lifelong increasing chronic fatigue and untreatable Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were my chief complaints.

Past doctors prescribed high dose thyroid medication, which made me feel worse. An autoimmune diet kept me trim but provided no energy. I read adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required for thyroid production, though ATP isn’t discussed in treatment. Baggage from Effexor and an adverse childhood were also contributors to my health.

Desperate, every relevant supplement and thyroid medication on the market, I tried. Only two were effective. GABA relaxed me, and d-ribose cured my depression 100%. I became bubbly. My personality changed, but after four weeks they both stopped working. Amour thyroid lifted my brain fog for a week. Then, I had side effects. Eventually, I would learn that I, and many members of my family, across several generations, had beriberi or thiamine deficiency. In my case, I had a defect in a key thiamine transporter that made getting sufficient thiamine from diet all but impossible. Unfortunately, I did not learn this crucial information, until I was in my fifties, after years of illness and suffering.

Women’s Issues and Unrelated Problems Begin

While my problems began decades earlier, they seemed to hit a crescendo as I hit menopause. The HRT patch relieved hot flashes, only to fuel a fruit-sized fibroid that split in half with one part covering my rectum. A GP prescribed colon therapy causing severe leg cramps and constipation. A fibroid ablation enabled normal bowel function. Afterward, ozone baths caused my bowel function to stop and I developed air hunger. An ENT said, “you don’t have sleep apnea, there’s another system in your body that is causing air hunger.” He recommends a university clinic over going to different specialists.  I pursued genetics.

Starting to connect my cognitive decline, prediabetes, and depression in my grandparents to myself, I went to the MTHFR expert that wrote the report.  Her extensive 15-page genetic/supplement report offered no results. After failed treatments from endocrinologists, functional doctors, and big-name clinics like Mercola, I took a chance on Orthomolecular Medicine.

Discovering a Familial History of Beriberi

On the day I was diagnosed with thyroid treatment failure, I found a nutrient interaction article and had a light bulb moment, I’m missing a nutrient for thyroid production. I went to the author, the late Dr. Richard Kunin, San Francisco’s legendary go-to doctor for solving mystery illnesses through nutrients. He was a pioneer in antioxidant therapies, utilizing diet, nutrient and genetic testing since the seventies.  His orthomolecular research was the first to verify the use of a mineral therapy in a drug-induced disease.

When his door flung open, I saw wisdom. A rare commodity. Here was this brilliant doctor and a poster of his early collaborator Linus Pauling, staring down at me. Dr. Pauling coined the term orthomolecular meaning “the right molecule in the right amounts.” A doctor like this comes once in a lifetime and I handed him my three-inch binder.

A true scientist, he was able to assess my biochemical individuality, in two sessions.

In the doctor’s intake, the first clue is asking what my parents ate. They ate both Chinese and Western foods, which seemed like no big deal. After lab results, he searches through 300 genes, to find the biggest picture, the gene. Instead of trying to treat multiple gene defects with a supplement. He addresses the root cause first.

He announces, “You’re deficient in thiamine,” and gives me the SNP, called Transporter 2 (SLC19A3) which provides instructions for making a protein called the thiamine transporter, which moves thiamine into cells. Over time, the transporter dissolves.

I had thiamine and asparagine deficiency and riboflavin and glutathione borderline deficiency. The thiamine or vitamin B1 deficiency caused the other deficiencies, but he stays on point and discusses thiamine and only thiamine. He prefaces the session with a history of beriberi and birds fed white rice.  Looking back, it’s rudimentary B1 history, but as a patient stuck in the Hashimoto’s/Adrenal Fatigue paradigm for so long, my mind went blank. I remained silent, I didn’t know if I could die from it.

To make matters more confusing. I had stopped taking thiamine after an OATS showed B1 adequacy.

When he told me I can’t convert energy from food, I thought how absurd. He reminded me “the bottom line is how well you absorb the thiamine; not how much I tell you to take”. A Meyer’s Cocktail IV is an initial part of treatment. The next step is collecting data to prove the relevance of thiamine as an essential nutrient required to make energy.

When I Added Thiamine, My Body Began To Recharge

For the first time, I saw a difference in labs and body function. At 300 mg of HCL, my increasing A1C levels fell below the prediabetes range. I almost took metformin at one point, recommended by an integrative doctor. I felt the effects of B1 utilizing B6, through a lucid dream. Treating methylation since 2006, he says “B1 is the gateway to methylation.”  With before and after data, he points out B1 upregulating the folate cycling. My energy was increasing. Muscular problems resolved, elevated branched chain aminos were absorbing and TMJ and bruxism disappeared. This was just the beginning. familial beriberi - thiamine deficiency

I found the thiamine experts, Dr. Derrick Lonsdale and Dr. Chandler Marrs during my titration period. Nuances of thiamine used as a drug to make ATP are available with a detailed overview of beriberi, throughout Hormones Matter. Post to post, the doctors’ addressed every missing piece to my complex puzzle and more. They prompted me to take a closer look inside my dad’s past, one he rarely spoke of, and connections were made.

While titrating up, I had a short bout of diarrhea in the middle of the night. When I decreased the dose, I developed POTS for the first time, the room would spin 24/7 whenever I stood up. My GP referred me to the ER. I was unaware that I was having a paradox reaction. I just upped the thiamine, POTS, and diarrhea resolved.

Chronic TD is called beriberi means “I can’t, I can’t” in Singhalese. The problem is Chinese typically under 80, have never heard of beriberi, and in the US, beriberi is known but assigned as a disease that does not exist anymore or a condition only seen in alcoholics and bariatric patients. Genetic beriberi is passed through families, causing the inability to absorb thiamine from foods.

Beriberi In Two Families Going Back Three Generations

My family history revealed apparent genetics expressing as neuropsychiatric disorders and other conditions that appeared unrelated. Thiamine deficiency (TD) is not easily identified, due to its polysymptomatic nature. Besides the brain, the heart, muscle skeletal, digestive system, and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) need thiamine to function.

My maternal side lived in prosperity and ate a traditional Chinese diet and tropical delicacies. There were 7 members, including my grandfather that had Alzheimer’s (AD) and one family member had Parkinson’s. My grandmother had TD from kidney dialysis. There was TD in AIDS. Untreated hyperthyroidism resulted in cardiac failure mortality at 58. An alcoholic uncle had deficits, anxiety, cancer, and AD. An anorexic cousin refuses whole meals, develops a damaged digestive tract, severe IBS-C, chemical sensitivities, and major depressive disorder.

My paternal side lived in poverty. White rice was a diet staple. There was an aunt that died from child mortality in China from starvation.

After migrating to the US, food scarcity persisted. My grandfather had obesity and type 2 diabetes. My grandmother had sadness after her husband sold their daughter’s papers in China, never to see them again. At 61, my 4’10” grandmother fell over and died from beriberi.

Her wake was the first time my dad went to a restaurant at age 16. He often licked food and preserved it for later. Falsely accused of stealing, the detention center fed him regular meals. Five siblings had short stature and high IQs. His Chinese brother pictured right, was saved by the U.S. Army from malnutrition and assigned to be the radar instructor. There was bullying, anger, and irritation in the three boys. One, a bar owner exhibited extreme behavior like bringing a gun over a trivial conflict that would leave in-laws aghast.

Ocular diseases, restless leg syndrome, circadian rhythm disorder, cancer, some OCD and hypermobility, and osteoporosis appear. There was TD from chemotherapy. Two aunts left behind in China lived to be centurions and a daughter has fibromyalgia, depression, and other deficits.

Connect the lineage with a pregnancy gone wrong.

Genetics and a Traumatic Pregnancy Sets the Stage for Life

Pregnancy, a hypermetabolic state, requires sufficient thiamine for the development of a healthy child. My mom, a robust woman, was overmedicated and bedridden for a month post-pregnancy. She recovered but my brother was permanently disabled. My brother was born with uncontrollable hyperactivity and oppositional disorder. Our theory was his oxygen supply was cut off to his brain, but it was thiamine deficiency.

Two years later I was born. As a young child, I was hypoactive and didn’t move much. In grade school hearing loss was detected. Early memories included some clumsiness and not having the strength to swing on monkey bars like other children. My first feelings of frustration were over homework, especially math. My overall health waxed and waned and would not draw attention until high school when tiredness, poor memory and learning disabilities appeared. I was bullied by my older brother.

Nine years later my younger brother was born, bruxism as a baby, was his first sign of thiamine deficiency.

The next generation, symptoms of thiamine deficiency show in a gifted child.

Neurological deficits ranging from severe to minor were a sign of impaired methylation since birth.
My mom’s prenatal diet was traditional and American, and we were bottle-fed. This was in the ’60s when women were weaned off breastfeeding.

Now connect the genetics, the pregnancy and untreated thiamine deficiency in a parent and sibling.

A Genius Mind Uses More Energy and Requires More Thiamine

My dad invented the on-line TV guide in the eighties. In a constant state of fight-or-flight, working through the middle of the night on patents, sugary snacks were comfort foods to compensate for early years of food deprivation. The “night owl” term we used was circadian rhythm dysfunction. Thiamine is an overlooked nutrient required for sleep and the breakdown of cortisol.

When my brother’s hyperactivity was unmanageable, breaking things, beating the ADD out of my brother was habitual. A dysfunctional limbic system causes knee-jerk reactions to uncontrollable rage. I just learned that my seemingly nice uncle, an alcoholic, frequently tried to beat the homosexuality out of his young child.

A psychologist thought violence only happens in alcoholics. I think this limited view needs to be updated to include excess processed food intake. I remember “children should be seen and not heard” commercials as a child when hitting and spanking was more accepted.

In 1983, Dr. Kunin cited Dr. Lonsdale’s research that describes the B vitamin link with violence in Mega Nutrition for Women, “patients whose violent behavior was inexplicable by conventional medical diagnosis were found to be deficient in one or more B vitamins, notably B1, B3, and B6”.

During the Covid-19 shutdown, I thought of TD when incidences of abuse spiked, homelessness and random violence spread, and middle-class families now become dependent on food banks.

Poor Health After Antibiotics

As a young teen, I lost my glow, I looked tired, and my skin had a jaundiced yellow-greenish tint. In high school, after a round of tetracycline for transient acne, I was never the same. My metabolism stopped and I gained 40 lbs. I also have leptin deficiency and so I am always hungry. Napping after school was an everyday event. My limited thyroid test given showed normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). I was also constipated but didn’t know it until middle-aged after I was diagnosed with Hashimoto’s. In my 20’s I took antibiotics for chronic strep throat. Uninterested in nutrient dense foods, I subscribed to carb loading and high-intensity aerobic activity, the trend of the day.

Changes in My 30’s and the Promise of Modern Medicine

When my dad had side effects from sleep medication, he did his research, bought supplements for every system in the body, and stopped going to doctors. He got the family off of rice and put us on B vitamins. Uneducated in vitamins, I gave up on them too soon. I wasn’t taking enough! My mom’s acupuncturist treated my ADD, but I strayed when a well-meaning friend steered me towards pharmacology, and I took Effexor. The damage showed up over the next decade when increased nervous system and mitochondrial dysfunction begin.

Loud bar music in the back of my unit initiated chronic insomnia in my forties. I had open mouth breathing. Elevated cortisol and night sweats woke me at least 8 times a night. If I was mad, I’d have an instant hot flash and sizzle like a red bull. I lost my sex drive. After quitting Effexor, elevated thyroid TBO antibodies appeared. Later diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss, the psychiatrist prescribed sound therapy but the condition isn’t curable.

Musculature problems began, I had an unrelenting frozen shoulder from a gym accident, and at one point, I had ataxia and couldn’t walk straight. After a trip, while in Hurricane Ivan, I was unable to walk for a month with ataxia. I once met an advanced multiple sclerosis patient, that experienced the exact same symptom from Ivan. The cause was thiamine deficiency in the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls movement and walking.

For work, I illustrated 300 skylines from around the world and market them on Etsy. My fine motor skills and artistry remain superior, but my spatial organization was nonexistent. I was very messy. Taking GABA hampered work stress, but I couldn’t cycle it from thiamine deficiency. Managing inventory and college students wore me out. One told me “You can’t retain what I tell you”.  Finding my car in large parking lots was often challenging. The hippocampus circuitry requires thiamine for short-term memory function.

Orthomolecular psychiatry has proven to treat and manage these types of disorders with nutrients and diet, as the first line of defense. There was no need for antidepressants.

After My Diagnosis, I Learned My Parents Were Already Taking Thiamine

When I told my dad about my thiamine deficiency, he pulled out a bottle of thiamine labeled anti-beriberi. He was taking B1 for cardiac support. The heart and brain consume a vast amount of energy and require thiamine to meet the demand. My mom took benfotiamine successfully for shingles, a neuropathic pain.

When I told my original acupuncturist, about my diagnosis he said, “I already know you have beriberi, just take B vitamins and lots of them. You don’t need my herbs.” He had been treating me for dysautonomia, twenty years before I developed POTS. I detested the point because his needling pressure hurt. No questions asked; he needles points by observation and pulse, Western characterization in diseases have no significance.

Part of the treatment for dysautonomia is a needle to the center of the philtrum, this point prevents fainting. Another needle is inserted into the center of the forehead and one on top of the head for balance. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) healers identify liver and lung channels weakness two decades before western medicine.

The New Doctor Damaged My Health In Only Eight Months

Twenty nineteen was a bad year. Dr. Kunin sees Vitamin C deficiency and signs of anemia and then retired. I stopped getting IVs. I would still nap after taking them. My trusted acupuncturist, also a nutritionist moved. I began dry coughing a lot, which later I learned was a sign of TD. Then I met the worst doctor ever.

I showed her, Thiamine Deficiency, Dysautonomia, and High Calorie Malnutrition and she handed it back to me and said “Oh, another patient brought this in the office.” I interviewed another doctor and told him I have TD and he replied with, “what’s your point!” and referred me to a doctor out of state.

I settled on the first doctor, and everything started wrong. She put me on a high-dose thyroid medication without titrating, and Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN), which gave me a stomachache. She wanted me back on LDN after I told her I had side effects. She recommends NAD instead of Meyer’s Cocktails which includes thiamine.

By the time I realized I was in a hyperthyroid state, the damage had begun. A cascade of beriberi symptoms begins. When one symptom would go away, another would begin. The neuropathy was more long-term. I had resting tachycardia, lactic acidosis after five days of yoga stretch that caused feet neuropathy and then trigger finger. All the doctor could say was “I had candida overgrowth”.  The cause of candida was that I had a weakened immune system from TD. I watched videos on lactic acidosis to explain it to her.

When I saw an eleven year old’s homework on glycolysis it made me wonder how much doctors remember from medical school.” I tested the doctor and asked her “What does pyruvate convert to?” She answered incorrectly.

I was developing non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE), acute short-term memory loss. I almost walked out of a restaurant thinking I paid the bill. I couldn’t remember putting a credit card back in my wallet and arguing with the clerk after she had handed it back to me. Once I read, “if you think you’re deficient in thiamine, get an IV right away.” After a series of Myers Cocktails with phosphatidylcholine, the progression stopped.

Another doctor got me off the thyroid meds, yet wet and dry beriberi symptoms continued. My left-hand lost circulation and turned hard and purple. The back of my neck hardened and my backside turned into butter. I had unintentional weight loss and my hand reflexes slowed. My minerals were becoming unbalanced. I contacted a refeeding syndrome clinic, for a consult, but was turned away because I wasn’t anorexic. A few months later I traveled to Hawaii and made a mistake.

Orthomolecular Medicine Rescues Me Again

Accidentally packing thiamine HCL instead of TTFD, the HCL initiated my paradox reaction and I had diarrhea several times the first night. Every day I napped from the sun’s UV rays. Excruciating muscle cramps sent me to Dr. Pritam Tapryal, Honolulu’s IV doctor specializing in chronic fatigue syndrome. Thiamine handouts, a stockpile of capsules and vials of B1 were waiting for me.

He calculates that I needed 600 mg of IV thiamine based on the length of time I had been feeling unwell. With an iron load before the second IV, I felt a surge of energy – I got ATP! My vagus nerve stimulated peristalsis and excess fermentation stuck in my body for three months finally released. Elevated liver enzyme activity and low blood pressure normalized.  Afterward, I found a doctor willing to provide high dose thiamine therapy at home.

I went back to the doctor that said “what’s your point” when I told him I had thiamine deficiency and requested 600 mg of parenteral B1 instead of 100 mg. A bit taken back, he shows compassion and custom orders 500 mg of B1 in a Myers Cocktail, after I explained my recent experience. The IV manager thought I was an ICU patient, but I wasn’t. It was the dose I felt best on.

High Dose IV Thiamine Therapy: From  A Patient’s Perspective

A series of high-dose thiamine (HDT) IV treatments, turned into an epigenetic treatment going on two years and two months. I’ve taken 100,000 mg of parental thiamine to this date. Infusions continued to sustain therapeutic effects and increased thyroid production. Unknown cause of malabsorption required ongoing infusions. Resolved through extensive pre-and post-labs.

I self-directed my treatment and gauged myself. I found thiamine articles from all over the world, but high-dose thiamine information was limited to WE treatment only. I received no medical advice on thiamine therapy from allopathic doctors that had clinical nutrition education, or from a young orthomolecular doctor or GP. Familial beriberi - thiamine deficiency

I had two to three IVs per week the first year that included 500 mg of thiamine. The longest time without an IV was three weeks at the beginning of 2020 and eleven days at the end of 2021. Below is a 12-month summary, from a 55-year-old woman with unrecognized lifelong thiamine deficiency from a SLC19A3 gene defect.

Journal From Long Term, IV, High Dose Thiamine Therapy

My high-dose thiamine regimen began 11/21/2019. This is the Meyers Cocktail titration period:

  • 2 infusions of 200 mg of thiamine in 2 weeks in end of Nov. to Dec.
  • 5 infusions 300 mg of thiamine in 2.5 weeks Dec. to Mid Dec
  • 2 infusions 400 mg of thiamine in 2 weeks Mid Dec. to January.
  • 500 mg of thiamine 2 to 3 times a week were taken in the middle of January.

11/2019 Concerned about anaphylaxis. Only a few teeny bumps around lips developed and disappeared after the first day. Visual clarity is the first sign of improvement.

12/2020 – Foot neuropathy and trigger finger for 4 months, resolved with 7 IV’s spread out over 4.5 weeks. The IV thiamine doses were 300 mg or 200 mg. Dexa scan shows osteopenia in lower back and femur and only 3 lbs. of lean muscle mass, muscle wasting, a hallmark symptom of beriberi.

OATS test taken a day after HDT infusion – tested B1 borderline deficient. Borderline and deficient in minerals and vitamins except manganese, doctor thought something was wrong with lab.

1/2020 – Right mucosal lining was demyelinating and slightly bleeding for a month, saw glitter. Zonulin levels over 800, the doctor told me not to be concerned, but I was. Slight rectal bleeding.

An unintentional fast in cold weather caused syncope. Broke out in an intense sweat, became faint and lost appetite. Leaned against buildings every few feet to get home, no thiamine in am. Sitting on bench resolved symptoms. MCV increases to 100, normal range is up to 95.

Tested negative for panel of inborn errors of metabolism. Autoimmune panel negative except – Arthritis – equivocal, Thyroiditis- out of range, Epstein Barr – negative.

2/2020 – New formulation of phosphatidylcholine, with small amount of dextrose without B1 was a mistake.

On three-week break, nighttime driving vision had decreased. Resumed Meyer’s Cocktail after break, fatigued, fell asleep in IV chair after IV. Reduced thyroid medication from I grain a week, increased after break to 3.5 grains a week. A1C 4.8 increased to 5.2 after break.

Right quadrant of my upper teeth dropped down. Oral surgeon said “not pathogenic of disease”.

Last visit with Dr. Kunin. Concerned I looked just as depressed as when we first met. I was happy to see him, unable to express it. Continue a more DIY approach and TCM, “the Chinese have found ways to treat that western medicine has not figured out, and one day technology will be so advanced doctors won’t be necessary”.  He handed me the keys and said, “Figure it out on your own.”

3/2020 – Introduced high fat diet. Lost 3 lbs.in a week. Severe leg cramps from foot to shin. During an IV, felt leg cramping. Normal cholesterol increased from 260 to 400. Stopped diet. No B1 in fat.

4/2020 – Lowered stress from semi-retirement and resting. IBS starts to resolve for the first time at 55. Felt extreme chill one day.  Took injectables at another doctor’s office due to shut down. I took 100 mg B1 in a B complex in intramuscular (IM) with B12 to ease B1 ‘pinch’, plus IM biotin for a month.  Not as effective as HDT infusions.  Combination of B1 with complex and biotin had best results.

5/2020 – Meyer’s Cocktail and 350 mg of NAD back-to-back infusions lifted brain fog profoundly.  Able to do tasks I couldn’t perform prior. I cried with joy, my cells were not permanently damaged from past use of Effexor and antibiotics. Unable to replicate treatment. Oral Inositol reduced elevated triglycerides dramatically, then stopped working. IBS came back off and on.

6/2020 – Tested borderline low on calcium, choline, magnesium, B5, B12, Vit C, K2, zinc on a three month average. GI lab shows mal-digestion, metabolic imbalance, and dysbiosis. Stomach pain from psyllium and flax, phytobezoar build up, rash on neck since 2019 getting worse, insomnia resolved.

7/2020 – Severe anemia showing and severe muscle weakness. I couldn’t lift a 5 lb. weight. Acute memory loss, almost walked out of lab before taking the lab.  Waking up early in am in summer at 8:00.  Hemoglobin normal and then drops frequently, IV doctor sees bleeding. Ophthalmologist finds arcus build up from high cholesterol, strong arteries, and recommends latanoprost for glaucoma after field test.

8/2020 – Decreased parenteral 500 mg B1 to 300 mg to test if high dose thiamine is depleting B12. Began coughing after 7 days. Post NAD IV lab tested  B12 deficiency, causing hemoglobin and T3 deficiency.  Acupuncture treatment creates switch sensations throughout body allowing oxygen flow, heart channel under arm point pulsated – oxygen and lung channels communicate. Leg bruising – Vitamin C deficiency.  Insomnia came back when B1 parental dose decreased, never resolved fully after increasing B1.

9/2020 – ANS dysfunction – uncontrollable body flipping in bed two nights in a row, movements like a fish out of water.  Resumed 500 mg of prenatal B1 after two weeks at 300 mg. Ophthalmologist said “you look more alert”, compared to two months ago. Started IM Mic-B and hydroxocobalamin, 5 days a week. IBS-C decreased with B12 IM. Coughing on Lipothiamine, switched permanently to Allithiamine, cough resolved. Normal zonulin levels return, reduced gut inflammation. GI didn’t order endoscopy after I told him something hit my stomach when walking and had rectal bleeding. He wrote IBS on notes. Stopped EDTA IVs for cadmium after a few treatments, when urine began foaming.

10/2020 – Latent deficiencies appear: B12, CoQ10 malabsorption. B1 not absorbing. Vitamin C deficiency appears, lifelong subclinical scurvy, bleeding gums, gingivitis, pilaris keratosis, bruising, poor iron absorption, rectal bleeding, low tyrosine.  Sick people are low in B vitamins and Vitamin C.  Repeated thiamine depletions cause heavy Vitamin C deficiency in lung, kidney, thymus, and liver.

Tested positive for Intrinsic Factor AB, Pernicious Anemia (PA).  Hematologist defensive when I asked him if TD can cause anemia, cancelled next appt., told me to see a GI. Doctors booked from Covid-19 delays.

Oral surgeon cleared teeth shifting. Orthodontist ordered aligners, short teeth roots in scan.

Trialed compounded thiamine cream from Lee Silsby pharmacy and replaced TTFD.

11/2020 – Stomach pain increasing after meal. Twelve days in, I thought I was going blind. The thiamine cream wasn’t absorbing. Indoor and night vision blurry. Back to TTFD and Myers Cocktail together. My vision came back, but not as clear before getting blurry. Mild paradox reaction, a bowel movement in the middle of the night.

12/2020 – Endoscopy shows chronic gastritis, h. pylori and peptic ulcers. A combination of a lack of nutrients cause ulcers, including B1.  Refused triple therapy (antibiotics and PPI). Treated with cabbage, herbals, mastic gum.  ION Panel indicated GSH and potassium deficiency, lactic acidosis (TD), ketosis, oxidative stress, transmitter deficiencies and metabolic syndrome.

Elliot Overton of EO Nutrition interprets mitochondria in battleship mode, suspects mold toxicity. Unseen mold or water damage. Incontinence and frequent urination. Second ophthalmologist told me don’t take latanoprost. MCV high still high with regular IM B12, since 10/20. With small veins and bursting arteries, it’s difficult to maintain IV’s.

In 2020, my health was like my dad’s. My hearing and vision deteriorated, I was unable to hear people speak with masks on and had difficulties focusing on conversation in noisy rooms. Gingivitis developed into periodontal disease; teeth aligners require lifetime use. My dad is deaf in one ear, and now going blind in the second eye and had the periodontal disease the same year and wears dentures.

Observations at 43,500 mg IV Thiamine After 13 Months

Intravenous therapy can target issues in ways oral thiamine cannot reach.

Improved thyroid production, A1C, insomnia, IBS and CFS, overall energy level partially improved.  Foot neuropathy and trigger finger resolved.  Cocktails with phosphatidylcholine, iron, and NAD, had increased effects, latent deficiencies appear, no nutrient depletions from high-dose thiamine.

Infection, gastritis, ulcers during treatment caused malabsorption. Reducing thiamine caused insomnia to reoccur and acute vision reduction, increased ANS dysfunction caused temporary uncontrollable body movements.  Increased dose of 300 mg to 500 mg of B1 resolved uncontrollable body movements and regained vision.

I saw one patient vomit, and a patient have nausea during 300 mg B1 Meyers Cocktail.

ROS from unknown cause extends treatment into 2021.

High Dose Thiamine IV Therapy, Toxins, Diet, Labs, and Gigong

In 2021, I tapered to two IVs a week and increased the 500 mg to 600 mg mid-year. Hot flashes returned after 5 years of remission causing a three-month setback. Insomnia made me delirious and had to take naps. PEMF bio-mat calms the nervous system to assist in sleep, without it I’ll wake up a few times during the night. For over 10 years, I wake up and urinate once a night. My eyes became blurry and I walked slowly like an old lady for a short period. Daily clear phlegm wants to come out since 2020 when I eat.

In spring my bloodwork showed Stachybotrys and Aspergillus mold. I found growth on papers in a storage box against a wall with the laundry room on another side. Condensation went through the wall.

With my gut healing and IV therapy, my TBO antibodies levels reduced significantly. The increased T3 raised my steroid hormones. Reducing thyroid medication again was a real possibility. IBS-C was resolved by mega-dosing powder magnesium with fiber, B1 and B12. I once had an offer to see the world authority on IBS-C, though all I needed was a good form of high-dose magnesium. I was feeling better until I experienced unexpected setbacks.

Everything Changed With Two Major Endocrine Disruptors

Microscopic brick debris during construction flew under my windows. Debris flew inside over 50 ft. and landed everywhere, never thought my eyes and lungs could clear it. Due to an HLA-DQB1 gene defect, I’m unable to break down mycotoxins (mold).  Mold is an anti-thiamine factor and it oxidizes B1 and B12.

When inflammation started to calm down, my hallway went under remodeling, and material debris and paint fumes went under my door. The chemicals shut down my thyroid. Antibodies rose from 180 to 535. Inflammatory markers that were improving became elevated and deficient. My killer cell function, HNK1 (CD57) level was 50 and now 18.  The doctor thinks I have Lyme. I’m testing for MARCoNS, a staph infection that resides deep in the nasal passage, due to sinus inflammation from the biotoxins.

After trialing Cholestyramine for mold binding, it made me constipated. My acupuncturist gave me a two-hour treatment to undo the damage. To detox, I use an FIR infrared sauna on the mat. I’m getting an ERMI test kit to test other rooms, an air test hardly detected mold.

HDT Isn’t a Standalone Treatment

With the amount of IVs I took, I tested questionable foods. A few small gluten-free snacks put me into a comatose within 20 minutes. Less than two ounces of coffee initiated leg/foot cramping. I never had this problem a few years ago.  Removal of processed carbs is the only way I can maintain my thiamine storage.

Staying in mild ketosis, on a paleo diet is optimal for me. When I tried high-fat and vegan diets, they caused deficiencies. I have a nonfunctional gene cluster FADS1/FADS2, that requires the consumption of EPA and DHA found in seafood. Drinking concoctions of vegetables and minerals activate B vitamins throughout the day.  TD causes nitric oxide deficiency and I replete myself with nitric oxide greens.  My one kryptonite food is liver, it elevates my copper.  Using food as medicine supports my overall immune function as I recover from Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome.

My hydrochloric acid is deficient from TD, and I have low gastrin. I’ve taken 13,000 mg of Pepsin Betaine and feel no sensation. Apple cider vinegar doesn’t seem to work. My amino supplements aren’t absorbing.  I also have oxalates, Elliot recommends more B6 and I’ve increased molybdenum to meet my sulfur intake.

I take a blend of B1 that includes: 900 mg Allithiamine, 300 mg benfotiamine and 500 mg thiamine HCL. Over 900 mg Allithiamine and sulfur come up. Before a Meyers Cocktail, I’ll soak in magnesium salts. I’ve increased all the B’s and take them with other essential nutrients throughout the day in moderate to high doses. I require biotin intramuscularly every few weeks, otherwise my nails chip, this started last year. My transporter may be dissolving.

Utilizing Biomarkers and Managing Nutrients

Every six weeks I rotate biochem panels and adjust diet and supplements. My weaknesses this year have been lipids, omegas, aminos, and inflammatory markers. My B12 continues to pool due to suboptimal thiamine levels unable to utilize B12, so I stopped testing. I inject 35 mg of hydroxocobalamin a week, plus sublingual, and hemoglobin is always on the lowest end of normal after I had pernicious anemia. Mold is the suspect cause. I may also have scar tissue from ulcers and scurvy of the colon. The GI doctor recommends an endoscopy once every three years when there’s been a problem.

I’ve found nutrient panels reliable when B1 is extremely deficient. On two occasions my lactate tested normal. Then I had beriberi symptoms after I took the labs on the same day. This was from eating beans and walking in sun, which forced me to sleep. My citric acid markers were normal on an ION panel and I was in ketosis, but the clinician didn’t know I had POTS on the morning of the lab. This was from a three-day fast suggested by a doctor. Thiamine deficiency can worsen on a dime.

Diagnosed with TD on a SpectraCell micronutrient panel, I had long-term B1 deficiency. Normal B1 levels are misleading on my labs once there’s been intake. The Vibrant America panel showed B1 malabsorption at 35,000 mg of parenteral B1.  I’ll continue with this panel and monitor nutrients connected to B1.

My doctor’s friend offered me the two-part transketolase lab for research, but my doctor forgot to arrange the sampling. I was upset at the time, but it doesn’t matter now. I manage myself by how I feel. With Excel journaling, the more elements I add, the more clarity I receive. Observing physical changes are equally valuable to the labs.

A Revisit to Energy Medicine That Compliments Nutritional Balancing

I recently discovered group Primordial Qigong. I haven’t found any other modality that has the same restorative benefits that give energy instead of using energy. Movements connect the body, mind, and soul with the focus on living in the present. Gentle stimulation of systems and body parts creates rejuvenation from within. Who doesn’t want that?

Dysautonomia, the fainting prevention point, is taught in practice. The bank of hands faced together inverted pushed downwards from the forehead over the philtrum encourages balance. Made for masses with no resources, it only requires continuity. This is a welcoming alternative compared to the nutrient-depleting therapies, recommended by for-profit western doctors that made my health worse when they didn’t know what they were dealing with.

At 100,000 mg Of IV Thiamine – It Feels Like I’m on a Train I Can’t Get Off

Overall, the quality of my life has improved. I no longer need to lie down and sleep during the day, even if I feel tired. I’m more active in mind and body. I can sit up and read, wake up earlier, and exercise. My processing speed and speech are faster. The left side of my brain is strengthened. I did audits on my condo association to trace missing dues and one over BlueCross when many claims were unpaid. My brain fog had been too severe to do this previously.

Neuropsychiatric issues appear in less frequency. I still experience forgetfulness and minor learning impairments. Irritation is manageable. I believe some brain function is permanently damaged along with hearing loss. Considering my long-standing history, I’m pleased with the results even though it is only a partial recovery.

Since my body called out for a high dose, there’s a chance I can regress. At 11 days off the IVs, I was deficient in Co2. I don’t know if the thiamine coenzymes can function without high-dose therapy because of my genetic liability. I’m patiently waiting to see how my body changes after the toxins are eliminated and figure out how to taper down from the IVs.

Final Thoughts

Thanks to Dr. Marrs and writers on HM for elucidating thiamine awareness, I learned how to use thiamine as a drug at a time when I needed it most.

Through luck, I found nutritional clinicians that made a significant difference in my health. Educated in Dr. Lonsdale’s thiamine research, they applied his nutrient-based knowledge into their practices. Understanding that beriberi still exists today and is not an ancient scourge from yesterday, is critical.

By assimilating the genetic impact of beriberi and orthomolecular dosing, I’m regaining health in my late fifties. However, no patient should have to spend a lifetime finding a treatment based on luck. There’s no reason to it’s all here: Thiamine Deficiency, Dysautonomia and High Calorie Malnutrition, Derrick Lonsdale and Chandler Marrs; www.orthomolecularmedicine.org

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This article was published originally on February 14, 2022. 

Beriberi is Alive and Well in America

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Readers of this website must surely be aware that the American medical profession completely resists the possibility of vitamin deficiency as a cause of any disease in America. This is so deeply ingrained that anybody claiming such a diagnosis is considered a fool. This seems to be particularly addressed to the classic vitamin B1 deficiency disease, long known as beriberi. It is unfortunate that we use a Chinese word that, translated to English means: I can’t. I can’t. It is the expression of the profound associated fatigue. There is good reason for denial of its modern existence. It has always been common in countries where rice has been the dietary staple. It existed unrecognized for centuries. In fact, the incredible intricacies of this complex disease took many years to unravel, much of which was performed in China and Japan where there was an obvious interest. It was a series of important historical events that led to its final solution and the history is fascinating. I really think that it is an example of the proverb “those that forget history are condemned to repeat it”. For example, groups of factory workers developed their first symptoms of the disease together after an exposure to sunlight. “Epidemics” of the disease occurred in the summer months. It was only natural that the investigators at that time had concluded that beriberi was an infectious disease. Their search for the responsible micro-organism was a futile endeavor.

The explanation can only be provided from modern knowledge. We now know that ultraviolet light imposes a stress on the human body, requiring mobilization of energy in order to meet it. For example, a car requires more energy to climb a hill. The hill is an analogy for “stress”. The groups of workers described above were in a state of mild deficiency of the vitamin and the stress of the sunlight precipitated full-blown disease, simply because of lack of extra energy required to adapt to the stress. Thus, any form of stress has to be considered in relationship to genetic risk and nutrition if and when the symptoms of beriberi are precipitated.

With this preamble, let me describe some of the clinical experiences that I have been exposed to. First of all, I was lucky enough to be able to think about health and disease in my position in a multi-specialty clinic. I came to the realization that the human body is a wonderful “machine” where the coordination of 70 to 100 trillion live units called cells, depends on chemical energy that has to be transduced to electric energy in order to carry out cellular function. Not only that, I had recognized something that is taken for granted today, that brain cells have an extravagant use of energy. The case that precipitated my lifelong interest in thiamine (vitamin B1) was a six-year-old child who had intermittent brain disease that had confounded all the studies and tests applied in the search for a solution. To put it simply, it was a biochemical approach that showed that he and his brother had a genetically determined condition that, for the most part, allowed them to pursue a relatively normal childhood life. However, each episode of spontaneously resolving brain disease left a little bit more permanent damage. The disease was invariably precipitated by an exposure to a form of stress, represented by a simple viral infection, on one occasion by a mild head injury, and even after an inoculation.

With the help of John Blass M.D. who was working at the National Institutes of Health, we were able to prove that these boys represented the first example of what came to be known as vitamin dependency. In order to prevent brain disease, both of these children required enormous doses of thiamine, but if they were affected by any form of stress such as a viral infection, the daily dose of the vitamin would have to be doubled or tripled in order to prevent a brain disease episode. I came to understand that under these circumstances I was using thiamine as a drug and that it was not a matter of simple vitamin replacement. It was an early example of epigenetics, the relatively new science concerning the way nutrition and lifestyle affect our genes.

You have to understand a very simple idea: thiamine and magnesium are known as “cofactors” to a series of enzymes that represent the machinery of energy production. Both the cofactors are derived from nutrition and have to be bound to their enzymes by a genetically determined mechanism. Not only that: thiamine has to bind to a protein known as a thiamine transporter. The transporter is also genetically determined and conveys thiamine into the cell. All of this takes place in thousands of minute organelles called mitochondria. I refer to these organelles as the “engines” of our cells. That is why glucose can be compared with gasoline in a car engine. Like an excess of gasoline chokes the engine, an excess of glucose chokes mitochondria. Thiamine and magnesium can be compared to a spark plug that ignites the gasoline. Perhaps the reader can begin to understand that this vitamin deficiency disease can literally develop any symptom anywhere in the body according to the distribution of the deficiency and its degree. The brain, heart and nervous system are the most oxygen demanding organs so it is not surprising that they are the first to be involved in thiamine deficiency.

Additional Cases of Thiamine Deficiency

My colleagues knew of my interest and although I was a pediatrician I was asked to comment on the following case. A 67-year-old anesthesiologist at a hospital in Columbus, Ohio came down one day with “a heart attack”. He was subjected to catheterization of the heart that was found to be completely normal. Meanwhile, his son was a medical student and having researched his father’s symptoms, he claimed that the disease was beriberi. The patient was referred to Cleveland Clinic and I was asked to comment on the situation. I found that when he went to his garage to drive to the hospital he would be afflicted by a series of dry heaves. This alone would immediately call to question the possibility of thiamine deficiency. He would give the anesthetic for a series of cases, after which he would go to the pediatric ward and cut himself a large piece of chocolate cake. On returning home, he was too tired to eat dinner and would go to bed, only to repeat the performance the next day. He returned to Columbus with the advice that the patient’s son was correct. I never received a follow-up and don’t know how he was treated but I later heard that he had died. I suspect that he was, in fact, given thiamine in too large a dose that overwhelmed his fragile metabolism.

My next experience was with a brilliant pathologist who was well known in the specialty. She told me that she had extreme fatigue. In fact, a few days previously she had been driving to work but felt so ill that she had turned round and gone home. I discovered that she had a chocolate box in every room in the house. As she went around from room to room she would consume one of the chocolates in each box. I advised her to stop doing this and take a supplement of thiamine, whereupon she rapidly recovered. Note that this was purely a hedonistic urge and had nothing to do with her three meals a day routine.

Ondine’s Curse

A mythological character was a water nymph who supposedly lived in a puddle. She fell in love with a mortal who jilted her and she cursed him with the loss of automatic breathing when he was asleep. There is a disease known as “Ondine’Curse” where this form of breathing ceases, usually at night and the patient dies. So one day I was having lunch with one of the Ear Nose Throat surgeons who knew of my interest. He had seen a woman in the intensive care unit who had stopped breathing and he was called to put in a tracheostomy. He suggested that I should view the case. She was under the care of a rheumatologist and she had had a history of periods of unconsciousness as well as joint pain. In using my knowledge of chemistry, I was able to show that she had thiamine deficiency and began treatment with thiamine.

During her clinical recovery she developed a profound anemia which proved to be due to a deficiency of folate. The importance of this is that her brain was affected by thiamine deficiency but when she was treated with the vitamin, her energy dependent metabolism increased. This exposed a previously adequate sufficiency of folate related to her slow metabolism. The increasingly efficient metabolism stimulated by thiamine required more folate to meet the new demand. She was a chronic smoker that had contributed to the metabolic changes in brain function that precipitated a disease that had gone unrecognized for years. I remember visiting the rheumatologist to ask her whether we could conference the patient to expose this information. She obviously thought that it was an absurd idea and refused to consider a meeting of physicians for further discussion. I learned something else from this patient. She was discharged from the hospital taking supplements of thiamine and folate. When she returned for review, the paralysis in her legs was worse and she had developed a rash on her arms that may occur occasionally in association with deficiency of vitamin B12. It has long been known that B12 and/or folate deficiency could individually be responsible for pernicious anemia (PA). However it had also been known that folate supplementation could not be given on its own for folate deficient PA. It had to be given with vitamin B12 and I had forgotten this. I gave her an injection of vitamin B12 and over the next few days she had some fever and muscle pain but the rash disappeared and she felt better.

The Complexity of Treating Vitamin Deficiencies

I provide these details to show that an understanding of vitamin deficiency disease introduces complexities that require study. When she began receiving thiamine and became clinically worse, it would be easy to blame it as a “side effect” that required administration of the vitamin to be stopped. A physician must first of all have enough knowledge to suspect the possibility and then apply the necessary tests. Obviously, if the collective psychology refuses to accept that possibility, the complaints of the patient, together with the clinical observations of the physician, will be treated symptomatically without a full recognition of the underlying cause. My exposure to a case for which I had no medical responsibility provides an example, for I was merely a visitor. I heard from her that she had been diagnosed with heart disease. She went on to say that her heart rate had dropped to 30 beats a minute, an extraordinarily dangerous situation for which she had received the drug atropine. Atropine blocks the nerve mechanism into the heart, thus controlling the danger symptomatically. She had then been given a diuretic drug and she went through an agonizing 24 hours of almost continual urination. It was clear to me that this was a dramatic exposure of thiamine deficiency heart and nerve disease. She had in fact “wet beriberi”. It has been referred to as “wet” because of the profound collection of fluid in the body and that had been treated symptomatically with the diuretic. The point that I am trying to make is that although the patient had been treated successfully with drugs, the underlying cause had not been recognized. These are uncommon cases, but I am claiming that they are the end-point of years of nutritional and medical neglect and yes, medical ignorance.

Because thiamine deficiency has its major effect in the lower part of the brain, the earliest effects are those of a deregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS). The reader will remember that the ANS conducts the traffic of body organs under the command of the brain. It consists of two basic systems, one of which stimulates action and is called sympathetic. The other one stimulates rest and is known as the parasympathetic. An early symptom of thiamine deficiency is an overdrive in the parasympathetic system, whereas at a later stage of the disease there is usually an overdrive of the sympathetic system. Accepting this factor, it can easily be seen that the patient described above, whose heart rate was drastically slowed, had been endangered because one of the nerves to the heart had carried an overdrive of parasympathetic activity. This, accompanied by a huge collection of fluid in the body, was characteristic enough to look further for the ultimate diagnosis.

Common Presentations of Thiamine Deficiency: The Walking Sick

Looking back at the history of finding the solution to this disease, it is known to have a long morbidity and a low mortality but with a long life of chronic illness gradually leading to some form of mental or physical crippling. In the elderly patient it is often attributed solely to aging. In the 1940s an experiment was carried out in a group of human subjects who were provided with a moderately deficient thiamine diet. Their symptoms were characteristic of those that are presently regarded by most physicians today as psychosomatic. They were irritable, quarrelsome and experienced heart palpitations, headaches, loss of appetite, insomnia, diarrhea or constipation, chronic fatigue and/or intolerance to heat and cold. The vast majority of patients that I treated when I was in practice had a polysymptomatic presentation of this nature, many of whom had been doctor shopping without relief. I was dealing with what I call the “walking sick”, a large group of patients that are haunting the offices of physicians throughout America. Sometimes they had been given a named diagnosis but had not benefited from drug treatment.

The behavioral characteristics of children, particularly those with ADD or ADHD, are dietary in origin, often coupled with some form of genetic risk, not the least of which is superior intelligence. They are being treated symptomatically, but I offer the possibility that failing to recognize these symptoms as nutritional in character may be a failure to recognize them as the forerunner of chronic neurological or heart disease. It is a reflection of high calorie food ingestion overwhelming the action of non-caloric nutrients that enable the necessary synthesis of cellular energy for function, particularly in the brain. In our book “Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia, and High Calorie Malnutrition”, we note that our present culture is cursed with a hedonistic ingestion of high calorie malnutrition, responsible for much loss of health. In fact, I have suggested that it is the equivalent of what happened to the ancient Romans whose wine tasted sweet because of lead infiltration from the glaze used in their wine containing jars. They did not know that they were suffering lead poisoning. We don’t seem to grasp the danger of sugar. Each symptom, as it appears, is treated symptomatically with a medication. Rarely is there an interest by the physician concerning diet, particularly the ingestion of empty calories consumed socially. Given the challenge of hedonism, it seems to be part of life joy, particularly in the elderly, to indulge in all the dietary aspects of sweet, sweeter and sweetest. However, it is inappropriate to fail in recognizing the symptoms that might or might not develop as a result. If one or more of the many symptoms is recognized and the patient informed, it is then his/her choice to make the necessary changes.

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More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

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Photo: Seated Youth by Wilhelm Lehmbruck 1917. Edited. Wilhelm Lehmbruck, PDM-owner, via Wikimedia Commons.

This article was published originally on April 11, 2019.

SIDS and Vaccination

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Posted on Child Health and Safety on January 13, 2015 was an announcement that vaccines had been proven to cause sudden death in children (SIDS). The announcement indicated that death in 67 cases was only explicable as caused by vaccines. Drug safety regulators were said to have had the information for over two years. In this post, I am going to contest vaccination as the sole cause and try to explain why I think it is a much more complex problem.

In 2001, I published a paper that hypothesized the requirement of three variables: Sudden infant death syndrome requires genetic predisposition, some form of stress and marginal malnutrition. I have just published another paper on the same subject: Thiamin and Magnesium Deficiencies: Keys to Disease.

What History Tells Us about SIDS

Back in the seventies, I was working at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland Ohio in the Department of Pediatrics. At that time there was a great deal of professional interest in SIDS. In the course of my research, I had found a paper written in a prestigious medical journal in 1944 by a British Medical Officer of Health by the name of Lydia Fehily. Readers will remember that Hong Kong was then a British protectorate and Fehily was sent out from England in order to investigate a common form of sudden death in breast fed infants of Chinese mothers in the colony.

A little bit of history is important to the final solution. Before World War II, the Japanese had invaded China. The rice ration was cut to starvation levels, thus cutting down the calorie intake. Although the symptoms of starvation prevailed in the mothers and the infants, the sudden infant death had disappeared. After the Japanese were driven out, the pregnant mothers in Hong Kong had as much rice as they wished. The calorie intake had been restored, overwhelming the required concentration of vitamin B1 for adequate oxidation of the calories. The sudden death in the breast fed infants immediately reappeared.

Fehily had discovered that the reemergence of SIDS was due to infantile beriberi because the infants were fed by vitamin B1 deficient breast milk (Human milk intoxication due to B1 avitaminosis). Those affected were almost always regarded by their mothers as the healthiest appearing infants in the family prior to their death. These events were rare under two months and after six months of age. It occurred almost always at night, was often associated with a runny nose interpreted as a mild cold and was more common in winter months. The epidemiology of this is almost exactly like that of modern SIDS. Although the modern interpretation is related to the positioning of the infant in the crib, it is certainly not the whole story. I came across the report of a meeting of beriberi researchers held at that time. A statement in that report had said that:

“any sudden otherwise inexplicable infancy death is a guarantee of infantile beriberi. No other disease has a similar outcome”.

Predicting SIDS

During the early part of the seventies it was thought that SIDS could not be predicted, that there were no symptoms to provide a warning. Later on in the decade, it was shown that there was such a thing as “threatened SIDS” judged by a few non-specific symptoms. Coincidentally, an alarm system had been invented that an infant could wear in the crib. It indicated when breathing stopped for a given interval or when the heart slowed. If and when such a thing happened, it was very easy to resuscitate the infant by a simple slap on the buttock.

SIDS, Thiamine and Brain Development

I began to admit infants with this kind of history to the hospital and place them on an alarm system. Believe it or not, by giving thiamine by injection to these infants, the alarms ceased to be initiated. I found this to be very exciting and I continued my research. I even went to Australia to do sabbatical research with the late Dr. Read at the University of Sydney who had evidence of implication of thiamine metabolism in SIDS. I found that there were families where SIDS had been occurring in more than one related infant. There was no pattern that indicated a direct genetically determined outcome and I concluded that it was a genetic risk rather than a genetically determined disease.

The overall logical conclusion to this series of facts was as follows:

  1. That genetic risk implied an unusually well developed brain that required a great deal of energy to function. The only means by which this could be acquired was through pristine nutrition for the mother during pregnancy.
  2. That calories from simple carbohydrate with insufficient thiamine was extremely dangerous. (Note that rice rationing had stopped the infancy deaths in Hong Kong).  The brain of an infant in the first six months of life grows at a tremendous rate and the oxidation of glucose to provide the required energy is crucial. Vitamin B1 is essential to that oxidation. This had been shown by Dr. Peters in Cambridge, England as early as 1936.
  3. That some form of stress may or may not be necessary, depending on the state of biochemistry in the brain. The infant is already at risk at birth because of the nature of nutrition supplied by the mother during pregnancy. A state of marginal malnutrition in the infant is insufficient to meet the energy demands of adapting to the vaccination as a stress factor.

Readers of this website may or may not be aware of a series of posts on the relationship of post Gardasil postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) with thiamine deficiency. I believe that this post on SIDS bears comparison with the logical reasoning applied in that post.  Also, Dr. Marrs has repeatedly pointed out the relationship between drugs and seemingly unrelated disease caused by them.

Does Thiamine Deficiency Underlie Post Vaccination SIDS?

The epidemiology (study of cause) of infantile beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency) is sudden death. The commonest time for this is between three and four months and more commonly in male infants. Although this is almost the exact epidemiology of modern SIDS, this well researched truth is ignored. The classical vitamin deficiency diseases (beriberi, pellagra, scurvy) are considered to be of only historical interest because vitamin enrichment of foods has abolished them. This is simply not true.  A high intake of sugar in the form of simple carbohydrate, empty calories is widespread in America and other Westernized countries, automatically overwhelming the insufficient concentration of vitamin B1, the equivalent of a choked engine in a car. “Soft” drinks are all too well advertised and encouraged in opposition to the consumption of “hard” alcohol that is regarded as more dangerous. Although the dangers of alcohol are well known, the danger of “soft” and “Diet” drinks, particularly during pregnancy, is almost totally unknown to consumers who erroneously believe they are preventing weight gain and contributing to personal health.  The advertising is misleading.

Looking again at history, we also know that the very first symptoms of beriberi could occur in a group of patients when exposed to sunlight. We now know that ultra violet light is very stressful to the human body, demanding an adaptive “stress” response that is automatically initiated by the lower part of the brain, the limbic system and brainstem. The word “stress” must be used in its proper connotation. It must be defined as a mental or physical force to which we have to adapt. For an infant, stress would include weather changes, infection, trauma, vaccination, partial suffocation from being placed in the prone position, inhalation of chemicals in the crib mattress and other possible variables. This part of the brain is particularly sensitive to thiamine deficiency, diminishing the supply of energy required by the cells in order to perform this complicated adaptive process.

We live in a hostile environment to which we have to adapt automatically 24 hours a day by brain/body mechanisms initiated by the lower brain. Damaging the brainstem affects the nervous control of automatic breathing and control of heart rhythm. Thus, breathing or heart beat may cease in an infant during sleep when thiamine deficiency prevails. During the first six months of life brain growth is tremendously fast, requiring an enormous amount of energy. I am proposing that the infant with the highest, genetically determined brain energy requirement is more at risk. If this is true, the tragedy of SIDS may be removing the most superior future citizens. Obviously, the mother’s diet must provide a proper balance between the calories that provide the fuel and the capacity of the cell to burn the calories by means of the appropriate vitamins. Because we now know that sufficient thiamine or vitamin B1 is critical to prevent beriberi and I have published evidence for deficiency of this vitamin in threatened SIDS, it makes sense to consider the interplay of three variables in SIDS. The three variables are as follows:

  1. Genetic risk, “e.g. a high brain energy requirement”
  2. A non specific stress factor, “e.g. vaccination”
  3. Marginal high carbohydrate calorie malnutrition

It also makes sense to consider the possibility that the stress of vaccinations is too great a risk for infants who are genetically and/or environmentally predisposed to oxidative damage in the brainstem.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.

Image: PickPic royalty free.

This article was published originally on Hormones Matter on January 21, 2015.

 

Everyone Needs a Little Extra Thiamine: New Podcast

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Several months ago, I had the great pleasure of speaking with Ann Louise Gittleman, an icon in women’s health and nutrition. The topic, as you might have guessed, was modern thiamine deficiency. We dive right into why so many of us are deficient in thiamine and why so few of us, physicians included, consider thiamine as a culprit to illness.

Thiamine deficiency is quite possibly the most important vitamin deficiency of modernity. It causes a long list of ailments that can be easily remedied if you know what to look for. It is so important, that we wrote about it: Thiamine Deficiency Disease, Dysautonomia, and High Calorie Malnutrition and have hundreds of research articles and case stories on the topic published here.

Why is thiamine so important? Well, thiamine is absolutely fundamental to mitochondrial function, and if you don’t know already, mitochondrial function is absolutely fundamental to everything else. The mitochondria take components of the foods we eat and convert that into biological energy or ATP. ATP then fuels cell function – all cell function. Diminished ATP capacity or output, as one might imagine, causes all sorts of problems, many of which underly modern illness.

If thiamine is that important, why isn’t it among the first nutrients tested when illness sets in? That is a good question. Aside from the lack of economic drivers (why prescribe an inexpensive vitamin when you can prescribe an expensive pill), the only answer that makes sense is that most people think this deficiency is impossible without starvation or alcoholism. That is what the textbooks have told us for generations.

Since we live in an era of food abundance, where obesity reigns and where most foods are either fortified or enriched with some vitamins, it is difficult to imagine vitamin malnutrition. In reality though, many of the products we call food have been so adulterated that they carry with them more toxins and more calories than even the added vitamins can overcome. I have written about this on a number of occasions as well. Here is just one of those articles, but there are many more, if you search the website.

Or, you can just have a listen to this latest podcast here.

thiamine podcast

 

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Migraine Energy Metabolism: Connecting Some Dots

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I have been reading some of the fascinating posts by Angela Stanton PhD concerning her research in migraine headaches. I regard the substance of her discussions as somewhat like dots on a chart that need to be connected. I learned a great deal about the chemistry involved in migraine. One of her comments that involves ion homeostasis in brain metabolism is fascinating. She noted that “serotonin is created by a normally functioning brain. Why it decreases or increases in the brains of migraineurs has always puzzled me. Should we not try to find out why?” That simple three letter word is the heart and soul of research and I believe that I may be able to add some information that might provide an answer.

Ehlers Danlos and Migraine

In one of Angela’s posts she discusses a subject which has been of interest to me for many years, the overlap of symptoms in disease. She noted that 60% of migraineurs have one type of Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) and 43% of EDS have minor changes in DNA (SNPs) found in migraineurs. She concludes that they must be related. Over 70% of migraineurs have Raynaud’s disease and there is an overlap with EDS and Raynaud’s. Therefore, she concludes that these three diseases are variants. In  fact, there is an association between EDS, Postural Othostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) and a group of conditions known as mast cell disorders. EDS-HT, (one of the manifestations of this disease), is considered to be a multisystemic disorder, involving cardiovascular, autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal, hematologic, ocular, gynecologic, neurologic and psychiatric manifestations, including joint hypermobility. Many non-musculoskeletal complaints in EDS-HT appear to be related to dysautonomia, consisting of cardiovascular and sudomotor dysfunction. Many of the clinical features of patients with mitral valve prolapse can logically be attributed to abnormal autonomic function. Myxomatous degeneration of valve leaflets with varying degree of severity is reported in the common condition of mitral valve prolapse.

A woman, with what was described as a “new” type of EDS, died after rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. Autopsy revealed myxomatous degeneration and elongation of the mitral and tricuspid valves. Patients with POTS, a relatively common  autonomic disorder, may have EDS, mitral valve prolapse, or chronic fatigue syndrome and are sensitive to various forms of stress, as depicted in the clinical treatment of a dental patient affected by the syndrome. Dysautonomia has been described in the pathogenesis of migraine, featured by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, eyelid edema, conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion and ptosis. In general, there is an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic tone.

Energy Metabolism and Migraine

Technological studies have confirmed the presence of deficient energy production together with an increment of energy consumption in migraine patients. An energy demand over a certain threshold creates metabolic and biochemical preconditions for the onset of the migraine attack. Common migraine triggers are capable of generating oxidative stress  and its association with thiamine homeostasis suggests that thiamine may act as a site-directed antioxidant. It strongly suggests that migraine is a reflection of an inefficient use of brain oxygen.  An intermediate consumption of oxygen between deficiency and excess appears to be a necessity at all times. In fact,” moderation in all things” is an important proverb

Backing up energy deficiency, two cases of chronic migraine responded clinically to intravenous administration of thiamine. However, the authors are in error when they state in the abstract that “nausea, vomiting and anorexia of migraine may lead to mild to moderate thiamine deficiency”. An otherwise healthy 30-year-old male acquired gastrointestinal beriberi after one session of heavy drinking. Nausea, vomiting and anorexia relentlessly progressed. He had undergone 11 emergency room visits, 3 hospital admissions and laparoscopy within 2 months but the gastrointestinal symptoms  continued to progress, unrecognized for what these symptoms represented. When he eventually developed external ophthalmoplegia (eye divergence), he received an intravenous injection of thiamine which reversed both the neurologic and gastrointestinal symptoms within hours.

In other words it is important to be aware that nausea, vomiting and anorexia are primary symptoms of beriberi due to pseudohypoxia in the brainstem where the vomiting center is located. Chronic migraine has a well documented association with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The hypothalamus may play a role. One of Angela’s comments concerns ion homeostasis in migraines. Thiamine triphosphate (TTP) can be found in most tissues at very low levels. However, organs and muscles that generate electrical impulses are particularly rich in this compound. Furthermore, TTP increases chloride (ion) uptake in membrane vesicles prepared from rat brain, suggesting that it could play an important role in the regulation of chloride permeability. Although this research was published in 1991, the exact role of TTP is still unknown. It has been hypothesized that thiamine and magnesium deficiency are keys to disease.

Angela wondered why serotonin might be increased or decreased in migraineurs. I strongly suspect that it is due to brain thiamine deficiency as the ultimate underlying cause of the migraine. In a review of thiamine metabolism, it was pointed out that metabolites could be high or low according to the degree of the deficiency. Victims of beriberi were found to have either a low or a high potassium according to the stage of the disease. If they were found to have a low acid content in the stomach, treatment with thiamine resulted in a high acid content before it became normal. If the stomach acid was high it would become low before it became normal. Since low and/or high potassium levels may be found in the blood of critically ill patients, thiamine deficiency should be a serious consideration in the emergency room or ICU Thiamine deficiency may be the answer for the fluctuations of serotonin observed in migraine.

Redefining Disease Models

According to the present medical model, each disease is described as a constellation of symptoms, physical signs and laboratory studies, each with a separate etiology. The overlap discussed by Angela suggests that the various conditions nominated have a common cause and that they are indeed nothing more than variations. If energy metabolism is the culprit, it would make sense of the infinite variations according to the degree and distribution of cellular energy deficiency. EDS-HT, described above is reported as a multi-system disease, exhibiting cardiovascular, autonomic gastrointestinal, hematologic, ocular, gynecological and psychiatric symptoms as well as the joint mobility. It seems to be impossible to explain this multiplicity without invoking energy deficiency as the cause. People with prolapsed mitral valve and a patient with a “new” form of EDS, reportedly have myxomatous degeneration as part of their pathology and it is tempting to suggest that such an important loss of structure might well be because of energy deficit.

The controls of the autonomic nervous system are located in the lower part of the brain that is particularly sensitive to thiamine deficiency and beriberi is a prototype for thiamine deficiency in its early stages. Dysautonomia is frequently reported as part of many different diseases, offering energy deficiency as the etiology in common. Yes, it is true that thiamine is not the only substance that enables the production of ATP. Nevertheless, it seems to dominate the overall picture of energy metabolism. It has long been considered the essential focus in the cause of beriberi, even though all the B complex vitamins are found in the rice polishings. Milling and the consumption of white rice was the prime etiology of the disease when it was common in rice consuming cultures.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

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Image by Chen from Pixabay.

This article was published originally on June 22, 2020.

It All Comes Down to Energy

24.4K views

The Threat Around Us

Animals, including Homo Sapiens, survive in an essentially toxic environment, surrounded by microorganisms, potential poisons, the risk of trauma, and adverse weather conditions. Evolutionary development has equipped us with complex machinery that provides defensive mechanisms when any one of these factors has to be faced. Before the discovery of microorganisms, medical treatment had no rhyme or reason, but killing the microorganisms became the methodology. The research concentrated on ways and means of “killing the enemy”, the bacteria, the virus, the cancer cell. The discovery of penicillin reinforced this approach. We are now facing a period of potential impotence because of bacterial resistance, failure of attempts to kill viruses, and the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Louis Pasteur is purported to have said on his deathbed, “I was wrong, it is the terrain that matters”, meaning body defenses.

Hans Selye, whose research into how animals defend themselves when attacked by any form of stress, led to his description of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). He recognized the necessity of energy in initiating the GAS and its failure in an animal that succumbed to stress. He labeled human disease as “the diseases of adaptation”. In Selye’s time, there was little information about energy metabolism but today, its details are fairly well-known. The suggestion of a new approach depends on the fact that our defenses are metabolic in character and require an increase in energy production over and above that required for homeostasis. If the GAS applies to human physiology and that we are facing the “diseases of adaptation”, it is hypothesized that research should be applied to methods by which energy metabolism can be stimulated and mobilized to meet the stress.

Energy Deficiency, Defective Immunity, and COVID-19

There is evidence that energy deficiency applies to each of the diseases described here. It may be the unrecognized cause of defective immunity in Covid-19 disease. Although in coronavirus disease the clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, major cardiac complications are being reported involving hypoxia, hypotension, enhanced inflammatory status, and arrhythmic events that are not uncommon. Past pandemics have demonstrated that diverse types of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as encephalopathy, mood changes, psychosis, neuromuscular dysfunction, or demyelinating processes may accompany acute viral infections or may follow infection by weeks, months, or longer in viral recovered patients. Electrocardiographic changes have been reported in Covid-19 patients. The authors suggest that it may be attributed to hypoxia as one possibility. Because the total body stores of thiamine are low, acute metabolic stress can initiate deficiency. Thiamine deficiency has a clinical expression similar to that observed in hypoxic stress and the authors referred to it as pseudo-hypoxia. It is therefore not surprising that defective energy metabolism can express itself clinically in many different ways.

The present medical model regards each disease as having a separate cause, but the large variety of symptoms induced by thiamine deficiency suggest the ubiquitous nature of energy deficiency as a cause in common. Obesity, a reflection of high calorie malnutrition, has been published as a risk factor for patients admitted to intensive care with Covid-19. Thiamine deficiency was reported in 15.5-29% of obese patients seeking bariatric surgery. Hannah Ferenchick M.D. an emergency room physician commented online that many of her patients with Covid-19 had what she called “silent hypoxemia”. These patients had an arterial oxygen saturation of only 85% but “looked comfortable” and their chest x-rays “looked more like edema”  It has long been known that patients with beriberi had low arterial oxygen and a high venous oxygen saturation. All that would be needed to support the hypothesis of thiamine deficiency in some Covid victims would be finding a high venous oxygen saturation at the same time as a low arterial saturation. Also, edema is a very important sign of beriberi, and thiamine deficiency has been noted in critical illness.

Disrupted Autonomic Function

There have been many articles in medical journals describing dysautonomia, mysteriously in association with a named disease, but with no suggestion that the dysautonomia is part of that disease. More recently, there is increasing evidence that dysautonomia is a feature of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), manifested primarily as disordered regulation of cardiovascular responses to stress. Manipulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may be effective in the treatment of CFS. Dysautonomia is also a characteristic of thiamine deficiency. Patients with Parkinson’s disease begin to lose weight several years before diagnosis and a study was undertaken to investigate this association with the ANS. Costantini and associates have shown that high dose thiamine treatment improves the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, although the plasma thiamine concentration was normal. They have also shown that high dose thiamine treatment decreases fatigue in inflammatory bowel disease, Hashimoto’s disease, after stroke, and multiple sclerosis. As already noted, it is also an important consideration in critically ill patients.

Multiple System Atrophy is a devastating and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The clinical presentation is highly variable and autonomic failure is one of its most common problems. Dysautonomia was found to be a clinical entity in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, a musculoskeletal disease, and this syndrome frequently coexists with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS), a disease that is included in the group of diseases under the heading of dysautonomia. Some cases of POTS have been reported to be thiamine deficient. This common condition often involves chronic unexplained symptoms such as inappropriate fast heart rate, chronic fatigue, dizziness, or unexplained “spells” in otherwise healthy young individuals. Many of these patients have gastrointestinal or bladder disorders, chronic headaches, fibromyalgia, and sleep disturbances. Anxiety and depression are relatively common. Not surprisingly the many symptoms are often unrecognized for what they represent and the patient may have a diagnosis of psychosomatic disease.

Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) is a descriptive term coined for a group of conditions that share common inflammatory pathways and for which there is no definite etiology. These diseases affect the elderly most severely with many of the patients having two or more IMIDs. They include type I diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren’s syndrome, systemic lupus, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The recent recognition of small fiber neuropathy in a large subgroup of fibromyalgia patients reinforces the dysautonomia-neuropathic hypothesis and validates fibromyalgia pain. These new findings support the disease as a primary neurological entity.

Energy Deficiency During Pregnancy: The Cause of Many Complications

Irwin emphasized the energy requirements of pregnancy in which the maternal diet and genetics have to be capable of producing energy for both mother and fetus. He found that preventive megadose thiamine, started in the third trimester, completely prevented all the common complications of pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum is the most common cause of hospitalization during the first half of pregnancy and is second only to preterm labor for hospitalization in pregnancy overall. This disease has been associated with Wernicke’s encephalopathy, well known to be due to brain thiamine deficiency. The traditional explanation is that vomiting is the cause, but since vomiting is a symptom of thiamine deficiency, it could just as easily be the cause rather than the effect. In spite of the fact that migraines are one of the major problems seen by primary care physicians, many patients do not obtain appropriate diagnoses or treatment. Migraine occurs in about 18% of women and is often aggravated by hormonal shifts. A complex neurological disorder involving multiple brain areas that regulate autonomic, affective, cognitive, and sensory functions, it occurs also in pregnancy. Features of the migraine attack that are indicative of altered autonomic function include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, eyelid edema, conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, and ptosis.

The Proteopathies: Disorders Involving Critical Enzymes

The earliest and perhaps best example of an interaction between nutrition and dementia is related to thiamine. Multiple similarities exist between classical thiamine deficiency and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in that both are associated with cognitive deficits and reductions in brain glucose metabolism. Thiamine-dependent enzymes are critical components of glucose metabolism that are reduced in the brains of AD patients. Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the principal histopathological marks of AD and other proteopathies. The essential constituents of these lesions are structurally abnormal variants of normally generated proteins (enzymes). The crucial event in the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is the conformational change of a host-encoded membrane protein into a disease associated, fibril forming isoform. A huge number of proteins that occur in the body have to be folded into a specific shape in order to become functional. When this folding process is inhibited, the respective protein is referred to as being mis-folded, nonfunctional, and causatively related to a disease process. These diseases are termed proteopathies and there are at least 50 different conditions in which the mechanism is importantly related to a mis-folded protein. Energy is required for this folding process. Because of their reported relationship with thiamine, it has been hypothesized that mis-folding might be related to its deficiency on an energy deficiency basis.

It All Comes Down to Energy

A hypothesis has been presented that the overlap of symptoms in different disease conditions represents cellular energy failure, particularly in the brain. If this should prove to be true, the present medical model would become outdated. An attack by bacteria, viruses or an oncogene might be referred to as “the enemy”. The defensive action, organized and controlled by the brain, may be thought of as “a declaration of war” and the illness that follows the evidence that “a war is being fought”. This concept is completely compatible with the research reported by Selye. It underlines his concept that human diseases are “the diseases of adaptation”, dependent on energy for a successful outcome in a “war” between an attacking agent and the complex defensive actions of the body. Killing the enemy is a valid approach to treatment if it can be done safely. Unfortunately, the side effects of most medications sometimes makes things worse and that is offensive to the Hippocratic Oath. We badly need to create an approach to research that explores ways and means of supporting and stimulating the normal mechanisms of defense.

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More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter, like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter. 

This article was published originally on May 11, 2020.

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, Thiamine, or B12 Deficiency?

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My husband is a 42 year old man who is suffering from what I suspect is severe thiamine and B12 deficiency that has manifested as hallucinations, dizziness and ataxia, progressive immobility, nystagmus and an upward gaze, memory problems, tics, light sensitivity, and incontinence. In April he was hospitalized for a week. While there, an MRI showed that he had restricted diffusion in the basal ganglia and thalamus, with possible mild right lentiform enhancement. He was diagnosed with Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD), also known as mad cow disease.

Even though they kept telling me that there was a broad range of things that could cause these MRI readings, including metabolic disorders, the doctors believed he had CJD and have focused only on this diagnosis. In the report, they said that they ruled everything that could mimic CJD out, but later on, the doctor admitted that they didn’t check for other mimics after seeing the MRI. While in the hospital, he was medicated heavily and deteriorated significantly.

Upon learning about thiamine deficiency, and Wernicke’s encephalopathy, I managed to get IV thiamine for him twice and he improved each time, but doctors will not provide them regularly and we cannot afford them on our own. Since symptoms of Wernicke’s and vitamin B12 deficiency can mirror CJD and since he responded positively to both vitamins, I believe he would benefit from IV therapies.

History Of Dietary Malnutrition

My husband has been in the navy for 17 years, on three different ships from 2007 until early 2018 with deployments to the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. He was not in Europe in the 90s. He was on a ship that visited the Horn of Africa. For some of the deployments, he didn’t go out in town. He stayed on base.

He has a history of fast food, soft drinks, and energy drinks. He quit drinking energy drinks in 2020. I cannot remember exactly when he quit drinking them. We had recently started to try and eat healthier, but our diets were still limited. After his symptoms emerged, we did try to clean up our diet.

From about mid-2018, he would skip breakfast and lunch, and dinner usually was fast food. During this time, I was extremely ill and had brain surgery in March of 2019. After COVID hit, we could barely afford food and gas, as prices skyrocketed, so he went without meals again.

In June of 2022, he moved to Virginia for school. He felt better after starting to eat regular meals. He had told me that he was no longer tired all of the time. For the first time in years, he wasn’t falling asleep. He had energy to go out and do things and he just felt good like he hadn’t felt in years. Then when the family moved with him, money had become tight again due to some misunderstandings about housing, so it was back to skipping meals and eating poorly.

From 2013 to 2022, we lived in a house for years that had mold. The molds in the house were Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Cladosporium and penicillium. We also lived in houses that were on an old military artillery range called Camp Elliot. We cooked with the tap water in the first house.

Memory, Gait, and Personality Changes

He had a couple of years complaining about memory problems and being tired before the full brunt of his symptoms appeared. He was always inside and did not go outside much.

His car had an exhaust leak and the windows didn’t roll down. He had driven it across country and also driven it to school and back and to the stores. He had complained about getting tired after driving it.

He started having dizziness and gait problems earlier this year or possibly in December. I cannot say specifically when he started, as he was never one to complain or speak up when he would get sick. Then after a couple of arguments, he developed some personality changes. He also had developed light sensitivity, kept one eye shut and had a tic.

The light sensitivity started in early or mid-March and the eye shut around late March or early April. He quit shutting his eyes in late April, after I had started giving him thiamine, B vitamins and B12. I didn’t realize it could have been the thiamine at that point, as I was solely focused on B12 deficiency at the time. With the vitamins, he stopped hallucinating and his hand had stopped trembling when he would try to hug me. If I had neglected to give him the high doses of thiamine, he had seemed to get worse. I was so traumatized at them diagnosing him with CJD, that I couldn’t keep my focus straight. To this day, he does not shut that eye and he cannot go outside in the sun without it hurting his eyes.

Rapid Decline With Hospitalization

He was taken to the hospital on April 7th after he came home from work. Although his health was declining, he was still able to drive and go to work and was still able to talk at this point. I had been asking him to make an appointment for a while to get his B12, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine checked, because I had a feeling he was dealing with b12 and/or thiamine deficiency. He kept refusing to go in and finally my sister was able to convince him to go in, so I took him to the ER. He was hospitalized from April 7 – April 19.

A Few Days Before Hospitalization: Still Walking

I suspect during his hospitalization, in addition to everything else going on, he became dehydrated and further malnourished. He was not eating and barely drank anything the entire time he was there. He was never given IV fluids either.

While he was there, he had an MRI with contrast (gadolinium) and was given 1,000mg of acyclovir for 2 or 3 days in case it was a viral infection that was causing his symptoms. He was given Lovenox. The nurse said it was for potential blood clots. He was also given 1,000mg of methyl prednisone for 3 days to treat possible encephalitis and insulin, because they said high dose methylprednisone can cause insulin spikes, which it did.

He began to hallucinate in the hospital and rapidly declined afterwards. The problems with walking worsened. He also had a lost look in his eyes that has, for the most part gone away, but was really disturbing at the time. He became incontinent and developed short-term memory loss, which progressed afterwards and has continued. He is now for the most part nonverbal but can still understand what people are saying and still knows who his family is. Also while in the hospital, he developed nystagmus and a persistent upward gaze. To date, he is in a wheel chair unable to talk. Unable to feed himself. His left arm hangs and he barely wants to eat or drink.

After Hospitalization and Before IV Thiamine: Notice the Left Arm

Improvements With IV Thiamine

I had started him on thiamine and B vitamins in after the hospitalization. I had originally given him thiamine HCL and TTFD, a B complex and b12 injections, which I was not consistent with it. This has been extremely traumatizing and trying to do it alone, I failed. We did not see much improvement until he received IV thiamine. After the first IV thiamine (100mgs), later that night he smiled for the first time in a while.

After First Thiamine IV: Moves Leg

After I took him to get another IV thiamine of 100mg, he was able to lift his left arm and wave, catch and hold a stuffed animal, and pull tissue paper out of his gift bag. He went from mostly non-verbal to trying to speak again. The nystagmus and upward gaze also resolved. A few weeks later though, he stopped speaking again. This suggests to me that we need regular IV thiamine, something I have not been able to convince doctors of.

After Second Thiamine IV: Moves Left Arm

We have just recently begun high dose oral thiamine again.

After A Few Weeks of High Dose Oral: Moving From Car to Wheelchair

Is it CJD or Thiamine and B12 Deficiency or Both?

Prior to all of this, he didn’t have any major health problems. He does have HSV-2. He had contracted Covid in April of 2022. He went to work the day I took him into the hospital. He was never on medication and isn’t now. The hospital diagnosed him with CJD, but I have read case studies showing that Wernicke’s encephalopathy and b12 deficiency have mimicked this disease in every area radiologically, clinically, and with laboratory tests. Given his history and since he responded so well to these vitamins, I believe these nutrients are involved. I have since learned that thiamine deficiency can cause misfolded proteins, like those seen in CJD and that the prion proteins bind and potentially leach thiamine from the body. I have read several case studies where metabolic disorders, thiamine or B12 deficiency mimicked this disease. I also read that these deficiencies could even cause the cortical ribboning, that is presumably diagnostic of CJD but also indicative of Wernicke’s encephalopathy. Apparently, the cortical ribboning will disappear with thiamine replacement. There are case studies that show the rt-QuIC test has been falsely positive in people who had encephalopathy or seizures, and another case study where the diagnosis was Sjogren’s Disease. I also read case studies showing that B12 deficiency and Wernicke’s had cause extremely high 14-3-3 and tau proteins, which normalized after proper treatment. I just know in my heart that he had more risk factors for nutritional deficiencies than he did for CJD.

Regardless of the root cause, I believe high dose thiamine via IV will help, but I cannot get anyone to take me seriously and I don’t have a lot of money to pay for IVs out of pocket. So I am lost. Please help.

We Need Your Help

More people than ever are reading Hormones Matter, a testament to the need for independent voices in health and medicine. We are not funded and accept limited advertising. Unlike many health sites, we don’t force you to purchase a subscription. We believe health information should be open to all. If you read Hormones Matter and like it, please help support it. Contribute now.

Yes, I would like to support Hormones Matter.   

Photo by Alina Grubnyak on Unsplash. Image edited.

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